Unit 6
Tambah Masa
Hafiz berbasikal 1 jam 25 minit pada waktu pagi dan 2 jam 50 minit pada waktu petang.
Berapakah jumlah masa dia berbasikal?
时间加法 = tambah masa；总时间 = jumlah masa
这一课学把两段或三段时间加起来。Hafiz 早上骑脚车 1 小时 25 分，下午又骑 2 小时 50 分，一共骑了多久，就要把两段时间相加。时间的单位跟钱不一样：1 jam 是 60 minit，1 minit 是 60 saat。
例子：上午读书 30 minit，晚上再读 20 minit，一共读了 50 minit。
注意：时间满 60 才换成大一个单位，不是满 10 或满 100。
adding time = tambah masa; total time = jumlah masa
In this unit we add two or three lengths of time. Hafiz cycles for 1 hour 25 minutes in the morning and 2 hours 50 minutes in the afternoon; to find how long he cycles altogether, we add the two times. Time works in sixties: 1 jam is 60 minit and 1 minit is 60 saat.
Example: reading for 30 minit in the morning and 20 minit at night gives 50 minit in total.
Watch out: change to the bigger unit only when you reach 60, not 10 or 100.
Unit sama sebaris
2 jam 20 minit + 1 jam 15 minit
jam di bawah jam, minit di bawah minit
| jam | minit | |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 20 | |
| + | 1 | 15 |
| 3 | 35 |
Minit dahulu: 20 + 15 = 35 · Jam: 2 + 1 = 3
分列竖式 = bentuk lazim；单位对齐 = unit sebaris
时间的竖式要分成两栏：左栏写 jam，右栏写 minit，同一个单位要上下对齐。先加右边的 minit：20 + 15 = 35，没有到 60，直接写 35。再加左边的 jam：2 + 1 = 3。答案是 3 jam 35 minit。
例子：1 jam 10 minit + 4 jam 25 minit → minit 10 + 25 = 35 → jam 1 + 4 = 5 → 5 jam 35 minit。
注意：jam 的数字不能写进 minit 栏，两栏中间的竖线就是提醒你分开算。
column form = bentuk lazim; same units in line = unit sebaris
A time sum in columns has two parts: hours on the left and minutes on the right, with each unit kept in its own column. Add the minutes first: 20 + 15 = 35, which is less than 60, so just write 35. Then add the hours: 2 + 1 = 3. The answer is 3 jam 35 minit.
Example: 1 jam 10 minit + 4 jam 25 minit → minutes 10 + 25 = 35 → hours 1 + 4 = 5 → 5 jam 35 minit.
Watch out: never write an hour number in the minute column; the line between the columns keeps them apart.
Kumpul semula
1 jam 25 minit + 2 jam 50 minit
Minit cukup 60 → tolak 60, bawa 1 jam
75 minit = 60 minit + 15 minit = 1 jam 15 minit → tulis 15, bawa 1
进位 = kumpul semula；满 60 进 1
先加 minit：25 + 50 = 75 minit。75 已经超过 60，60 minit 就是 1 jam，所以要从 75 减去 60，剩 15 写在 minit 栏，再把 1 进到 jam 栏。接着加 jam：进上来的 1 + 1 + 2 = 4。答案是 4 jam 15 minit。
例子：2 jam 40 minit + 1 jam 30 minit → 40 + 30 = 70 → 70 − 60 = 10，进 1 → 1 + 2 + 1 = 4 → 4 jam 10 minit。
注意：写成 3 jam 75 minit 是没整理好的答案，minit 栏的数一定要小于 60。
regrouping = kumpul semula; every 60 makes 1
Add the minutes first: 25 + 50 = 75 minutes. Since 75 is more than 60 and 60 minutes make 1 hour, take 60 away from 75, write the remaining 15 in the minute column and carry 1 into the hour column. Then add the hours: the carried 1 + 1 + 2 = 4. The answer is 4 jam 15 minit.
Example: 2 jam 40 minit + 1 jam 30 minit → 40 + 30 = 70 → 70 − 60 = 10, carry 1 → 1 + 2 + 1 = 4 → 4 jam 10 minit.
Watch out: 3 jam 75 minit is an untidy answer; the minute column must always end below 60.
Cuba
2 jam 35 minit + 3 jam 40 minit = ?
| jam | minit | |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 35 | |
| + | 3 | 40 |
| ? | ? |
检查满 60 = semak cukup 60
35 + 40 = 75 minit，超过 60，所以 75 − 60 = 15，minit 栏写 15，再进 1 jam。jam 栏：1 + 2 + 3 = 6。答案 6 jam 15 minit。
例子：1 jam 45 minit + 1 jam 20 minit → 45 + 20 = 65 → 写 5，进 1 → 3 jam 5 minit。
注意：5 jam 15 minit 是减了 60 却忘了把 1 加进 jam 栏。
checking for 60 = semak cukup 60
35 + 40 = 75 minutes, which goes past 60, so 75 − 60 = 15 goes in the minute column and 1 hour is carried. Hour column: 1 + 2 + 3 = 6. The answer is 6 jam 15 minit.
Example: 1 jam 45 minit + 1 jam 20 minit → 45 + 20 = 65 → write 5, carry 1 → 3 jam 5 minit.
Watch out: 5 jam 15 minit means the 60 was taken away but the 1 was never added to the hours.
Minit dan saat
4 minit 38 saat + 2 minit 45 saat
60 saat = 1 minit
| minit | saat | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||
| 4 | 38 | |
| + | 2 | 45 |
| 7 | 23 |
38 + 45 = 83 saat → 83 − 60 = 23, bawa 1 minit
分和秒 = minit dan saat；1 minit = 60 saat
分秒的竖式跟时分一样，只是两栏换成 minit 和 saat。先加 saat：38 + 45 = 83 saat，满 60，所以 83 − 60 = 23，saat 栏写 23，进 1 到 minit 栏。再加 minit：1 + 4 + 2 = 7。答案 7 minit 23 saat。
例子：3 minit 50 saat + 1 minit 15 saat → 50 + 15 = 65 → 写 5，进 1 → 5 minit 5 saat。
注意：83 saat 不能当成 8 minit 3 saat，换算时看的是 60，不是看十位数。
minutes and seconds = minit dan saat; 1 minit = 60 saat
A minutes-and-seconds sum works just like hours and minutes; the two columns are now minit and saat. Add the seconds first: 38 + 45 = 83 seconds, which reaches 60, so 83 − 60 = 23 goes in the seconds column and 1 is carried to the minutes. Then 1 + 4 + 2 = 7. The answer is 7 minit 23 saat.
Example: 3 minit 50 saat + 1 minit 15 saat → 50 + 15 = 65 → write 5, carry 1 → 5 minit 5 saat.
Watch out: 83 saat is not 8 minit 3 saat; regroup by sixty, not by the tens digit.
Cuba
6 minit 47 saat + 5 minit 28 saat = ?
| minit | saat | |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | 47 | |
| + | 5 | 28 |
| ? | ? |
秒满 60 = saat cukup 60
47 + 28 = 75 saat，超过 60，75 − 60 = 15，saat 栏写 15，进 1 minit。minit 栏：1 + 6 + 5 = 12。答案 12 minit 15 saat。
例子：9 minit 30 saat + 2 minit 40 saat → 30 + 40 = 70 → 写 10，进 1 → 12 minit 10 saat。
注意：11 minit 75 saat 的 saat 超过 60，还没有整理。
seconds reaching 60 = saat cukup 60
47 + 28 = 75 seconds, more than 60, so 75 − 60 = 15 goes in the seconds column and 1 minute is carried. Minute column: 1 + 6 + 5 = 12. The answer is 12 minit 15 saat.
Example: 9 minit 30 saat + 2 minit 40 saat → 30 + 40 = 70 → write 10, carry 1 → 12 minit 10 saat.
Watch out: 11 minit 75 saat still has more than 60 seconds, so it has not been regrouped.
Tiga tempoh masa
1 jam 20 minit + 2 jam 35 minit + 45 minit
Tambah ketiga-tiga minit sekali gus
| jam | minit | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||
| 1 | 20 | |
| 2 | 35 | |
| + | 45 | |
| 4 | 40 |
20 + 35 + 45 = 100 minit → 100 − 60 = 40, bawa 1
三段时间 = tiga tempoh masa
三段时间相加，三行一起写进竖式。45 minit 没有 jam，jam 栏就空着。先加 minit：20 + 35 + 45 = 100 minit，100 − 60 = 40，写 40，进 1 jam。再加 jam：1 + 1 + 2 = 4。答案 4 jam 40 minit。
例子：30 minit + 1 jam 15 minit + 2 jam 10 minit → 30 + 15 + 10 = 55 → 1 + 2 = 3 → 3 jam 55 minit。
注意：45 minit 要写在 minit 栏，不要写到 jam 栏去。
three lengths of time = tiga tempoh masa
When three times are added, all three rows go into the column sum. 45 minit has no hours, so its hour box stays empty. Add the minutes: 20 + 35 + 45 = 100 minutes; 100 − 60 = 40, so write 40 and carry 1 hour. Add the hours: 1 + 1 + 2 = 4. The answer is 4 jam 40 minit.
Example: 30 minit + 1 jam 15 minit + 2 jam 10 minit → 30 + 15 + 10 = 55 → 1 + 2 = 3 → 3 jam 55 minit.
Watch out: 45 minit belongs in the minute column, not under the hours.
Cuba
15 minit 25 saat + 8 minit 40 saat + 20 minit 30 saat = ?
| minit | saat | |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | 25 | |
| 8 | 40 | |
| + | 20 | 30 |
| ? | ? |
三个分秒相加 = tambah tiga minit dan saat
先加 saat：25 + 40 + 30 = 95 saat，95 − 60 = 35，写 35，进 1。再加 minit：1 + 15 + 8 + 20 = 44。答案 44 minit 35 saat。
例子：5 minit 20 saat + 3 minit 30 saat + 1 minit 20 saat → 20 + 30 + 20 = 70 → 写 10，进 1 → 10 minit 10 saat。
注意：43 minit 35 saat 少了进上来的 1 minit。
adding three minute-and-second times = tambah tiga minit dan saat
Add the seconds first: 25 + 40 + 30 = 95 seconds; 95 − 60 = 35, so write 35 and carry 1. Then the minutes: 1 + 15 + 8 + 20 = 44. The answer is 44 minit 35 saat.
Example: 5 minit 20 saat + 3 minit 30 saat + 1 minit 20 saat → 20 + 30 + 20 = 70 → write 10, carry 1 → 10 minit 10 saat.
Watch out: 43 minit 35 saat is short by the 1 minute that should have been carried.
Tukar jawapan
40 minit + 35 minit
75 minit = 1 jam 15 minit
40 minit + 35 minit = 75 minit
60 minit
1 jam
baki
15 minit
75 minit = 1 jam 15 minit
化成复名数 = tukar kepada jam dan minit
只有一个单位相加时，答案可能超过 60：40 + 35 = 75 minit。75 minit 里有一个 60 minit，就是 1 jam，剩下 15 minit，所以 75 minit 也可以写成 1 jam 15 minit，两个写法一样长。题目要求用 jam 和 minit 回答时，就要这样换。
例子：50 saat + 30 saat = 80 saat = 1 minit 20 saat。
注意：75 minit 不是 7 jam 5 minit，拆的时候一定拿 60 去拆。
changing to hours and minutes = tukar kepada jam dan minit
When only one unit is added, the answer can pass 60: 40 + 35 = 75 minit. Inside 75 minutes there is one group of 60 minutes, which is 1 hour, with 15 minutes left, so 75 minit can also be written as 1 jam 15 minit. Both mean the same length of time.
Example: 50 saat + 30 saat = 80 saat = 1 minit 20 saat.
Watch out: 75 minit is not 7 jam 5 minit; always split using 60.
Cuba
Bas bergerak dari Kota Kinabalu ke Keningau selama 2 jam 15 minit, kemudian ke Tenom selama 55 minit. Berapakah jumlah masa perjalanan?
旅程总时间 = jumlah masa perjalanan
巴士两段路程的时间相加：minit 15 + 55 = 70，70 − 60 = 10，写 10，进 1。jam：1 + 2 = 3。答案 3 jam 10 minit。
例子：火车先走 1 jam 40 minit，再走 30 minit → 40 + 30 = 70 → 2 jam 10 minit。
注意：2 jam 10 minit 是减了 60，却没有把 1 jam 加上去。
total journey time = jumlah masa perjalanan
Add the times for the two parts of the bus trip. Minutes: 15 + 55 = 70; 70 − 60 = 10, so write 10 and carry 1. Hours: 1 + 2 = 3. The answer is 3 jam 10 minit.
Example: a train runs 1 jam 40 minit and then 30 minit more → 40 + 30 = 70 → 2 jam 10 minit.
Watch out: 2 jam 10 minit takes away the 60 but never adds the 1 hour back.
Padankan
Jumlah masa yang betul
配对总时间 = padankan jumlah masa
每条先加小单位。30 + 45 = 75 minit = 1 jam 15 minit。40 + 40 = 80 minit，写 20 进 1，jam 1 + 1 + 1 = 3。10 + 50 = 60 minit 刚好 1 jam，minit 写 0，所以是 6 jam。50 + 20 = 70 saat = 1 minit 10 saat。
例子：25 minit + 35 minit = 60 minit = 1 jam。
注意：小单位刚好 60 时，答案只剩整数的大单位。
matching total times = padankan jumlah masa
For each one, add the smaller unit first. 30 + 45 = 75 minutes = 1 jam 15 minit. 40 + 40 = 80 minutes, write 20 and carry 1, so the hours are 1 + 1 + 1 = 3. 10 + 50 = 60 minutes, exactly 1 hour, leaving 0 minutes, so the total is 6 jam. 50 + 20 = 70 seconds = 1 minit 10 saat.
Example: 25 minit + 35 minit = 60 minit = 1 jam.
Watch out: when the small unit makes exactly 60, only whole big units are left.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
unit kecil dahulu → cukup 60, tolak 60 → bawa 1
Susun jam di bawah jam, minit di bawah minit. Tambah unit kecil dahulu. Jika 60 atau lebih, tolak 60 dan bawa 1 ke unit besar.
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