Unit 9
Nilai Mata Wang
Ayah Aqil hendak ke Thailand. Dia menukar RM 1 dan mendapat lebih kurang 7.5 baht.
Mengapa bukan 1 baht? Kerana setiap mata wang ada nilai yang berbeza.
货币的价值 = nilai mata wang；兑换 = tukar；汇率 = kadar pertukaran
这一课学 RM 1 可以换成多少外币。不同国家的钱价值不一样，RM 1 换泰国的钱大约可以换到 7.5 baht，不是 1 baht。换多少由“汇率”决定，而汇率每天都会变一点。我们只要学会看表、比较大小，不用算复杂的数。
例子：去泰国前，爸爸把 ringgit 换成 baht，才能在那里买东西。
注意：表里的数字是某一天的大约数，明天可能不一样。
value of a currency = nilai mata wang; exchange = tukar; exchange rate = kadar pertukaran
In this unit we learn how much foreign money RM 1 can be changed into. Money from different countries has different values, so RM 1 changes into about 7.5 baht, not 1 baht. The amount depends on the exchange rate, which shifts a little every day. We only need to read the table and compare numbers, not do difficult sums.
Example: before a trip to Thailand, Dad changes ringgit into baht so he can buy things there.
Watch out: the numbers in the table are rough values for one day; tomorrow they may be different.
RM 1 boleh ditukar kepada …
Nilai RM 1 di negara lain
Kadar berubah setiap hari; ini anggaran pada suatu hari
Thailand
RM 1 ≈ 7.5 baht
Singapura
RM 1 ≈ 0.30 dolar
Indonesia
RM 1 ≈ 3 400 rupiah
≈ bermaksud lebih kurang · kadar pertukaran berubah setiap hari
大约 = lebih kurang（≈）；每天变 = berubah setiap hari
RM 1 到了不同国家，能换到的钱不一样。某一天，RM 1 大约换 7.5 baht，大约换 0.30 dolar Singapura，大约换 3 400 rupiah。这些数字叫汇率，不是固定的，银行或钱币兑换店每天会更新。所以我们用 ≈（大约）来写，不用 =。
例子：今天 RM 1 ≈ 7.5 baht，下个星期可能变成 7.6 或 7.4。
注意：同样是 RM 1，数字 3 400 很大，0.30 很小，但都只是 RM 1 的价值。
approximately = lebih kurang (≈); changes every day = berubah setiap hari
RM 1 buys a different amount of money in each country. On one day, RM 1 is about 7.5 baht, about 0.30 Singapore dollars and about 3 400 rupiah. These numbers are called exchange rates; they are not fixed, and banks and money changers update them daily. That is why we write ≈ (about) instead of =.
Example: today RM 1 ≈ 7.5 baht, but next week it may be 7.6 or 7.4.
Watch out: 3 400 looks huge and 0.30 looks tiny, yet both are simply the value of the same RM 1.
Baca jadual
RM 1 dan mata wang ASEAN
Cari negara, baca nilainya
| Negara | RM 1 ≈ |
|---|---|
| Singapura | 0.30 dolar |
| Brunei | 0.30 dolar |
| Indonesia | 3 400 rupiah |
| Thailand | 7.5 baht |
| Filipina | 13 peso |
| Vietnam | 5 700 dong |
| Laos | 4 800 kip |
| Kemboja | 930 riel |
| Myanmar | 480 kyat |
kadar pada suatu hari (anggaran)
读表 = baca jadual；栏 = lajur；行 = baris
看汇率表的方法：先在左边找到国家名，再顺着同一行看右边的数字，那就是 RM 1 大约能换到的外币。比如找 Filipina，同一行右边是 13 peso，所以 RM 1 ≈ 13 peso。找 Laos，同一行是 4 800 kip。
例子：要知道 RM 1 换多少 riel，就找 Kemboja 那一行，读到 930。
注意：眼睛要顺着同一行看，看错一行就会读到别的国家的数字。
reading a table = baca jadual; column = lajur; row = baris
To read the rate table, find the country in the left column, then follow the same row to the number on the right; that is roughly how much foreign money RM 1 buys. For example, find Filipina and the same row shows 13 peso, so RM 1 ≈ 13 peso. Find Laos and the row shows 4 800 kip.
Example: to know how many riel RM 1 buys, find the Kemboja row and read 930.
Watch out: keep your eyes on the same row; slipping to the next row gives another country's number.
Cuba
Mengikut jadual, RM 1 ≈ berapa peso?
| Negara | RM 1 ≈ |
|---|---|
| Singapura | 0.30 dolar |
| Brunei | 0.30 dolar |
| Indonesia | 3 400 rupiah |
| Thailand | 7.5 baht |
| Filipina | 13 peso |
kadar pada suatu hari (anggaran)
查表找 peso = cari peso dalam jadual
peso 是菲律宾的钱，所以要找 Filipina 那一行，读到 13。RM 1 ≈ 13 peso。7.5 是泰国 baht 那一行的数字，930 是柬埔寨 riel 那一行的数字。
例子：要找 kyat，就看 Myanmar 那一行，是 480。
注意：先想清楚 peso 是哪个国家的，才知道看哪一行。
finding peso in the table = cari peso dalam jadual
The peso is the money of the Philippines, so look at the Filipina row and read 13. RM 1 ≈ 13 peso. 7.5 comes from the Thailand baht row and 930 from the Cambodia riel row.
Example: to find kyat, look at the Myanmar row, which shows 480.
Watch out: first decide which country the peso belongs to, then you know which row to read.
Lebih daripada 1 atau kurang daripada 1?
Bandingkan nilai dengan 1
Nombor besar tidak bermaksud lebih berharga
3 400 rupiah>1
RM 1 dapat banyak rupiah
0.30 dolar<1
RM 1 dapat kurang daripada 1 dolar Singapura → perlu lebih daripada RM 3 untuk 1 dolar
比较 = bandingkan；大于 1 = lebih daripada 1；小于 1 = kurang daripada 1
看汇率表时，把数字跟 1 比一比。3 400 rupiah 大于 1，表示 RM 1 可以换到很多 rupiah。0.30 dolar Singapura 小于 1，表示 RM 1 连 1 dolar Singapura 都换不到，要三块多 ringgit 才换到 1 dolar。所以数字大不代表那种钱更值钱，反而是数字小的那种钱，一个单位比 RM 1 还贵。
例子：RM 1 ≈ 0.23 dolar AS，小于 1，所以 1 dolar AS 比 RM 1 贵。
注意：别以为 3 400 很大就代表 rupiah 很值钱，其实刚好相反。
compare = bandingkan; more than 1 = lebih daripada 1; less than 1 = kurang daripada 1
When reading the rate table, compare each number with 1. 3 400 rupiah is more than 1, so RM 1 buys a lot of rupiah. 0.30 Singapore dollars is less than 1, so RM 1 cannot even buy one Singapore dollar; it takes a little over RM 3 to get one. A big number does not mean that currency is worth more; in fact one unit of a small-number currency is worth more than RM 1.
Example: RM 1 ≈ 0.23 US dollars, less than 1, so one US dollar is worth more than RM 1.
Watch out: do not think 3 400 means the rupiah is valuable; it is the other way round.
Cuba
Mata wang yang manakah RM 1 dapat kurang daripada 1 unit?
| Negara | RM 1 ≈ |
|---|---|
| Singapura | 0.30 dolar |
| Brunei | 0.30 dolar |
| Indonesia | 3 400 rupiah |
| Thailand | 7.5 baht |
kadar pada suatu hari (anggaran)
不到 1 单位 = kurang daripada 1 unit
看表：dolar Singapura 是 0.30，小于 1；baht 是 7.5，大于 1；rupiah 是 3 400，大于 1。所以 RM 1 换到不足 1 单位的是 dolar Singapura。换句话说，1 dolar Singapura 比 RM 1 还值钱。
例子：dolar Brunei 也是 0.30，同样不到 1。
注意：小数点开头是 0 的数字（像 0.30）一定小于 1。
less than 1 unit = kurang daripada 1 unit
From the table: the Singapore dollar is 0.30, less than 1; the baht is 7.5, more than 1; the rupiah is 3 400, more than 1. So RM 1 buys less than one unit only of the Singapore dollar. In other words, one Singapore dollar is worth more than RM 1.
Example: the Brunei dollar is also 0.30, likewise below 1.
Watch out: a number that starts with 0 before the point, like 0.30, is always less than 1.
Mata wang negara lain
RM 1 dan 5 negara di luar ASEAN
Semua kurang daripada 1, kecuali yen
| Negara | RM 1 ≈ |
|---|---|
| Amerika Syarikat | 0.23 dolar |
| United Kingdom | 0.17 pound |
| Australia | 0.34 dolar |
| Arab Saudi | 0.85 riyal |
| Jepun | 34 yen |
kadar pada suatu hari (anggaran)
0.23, 0.17, 0.34, 0.85 → kurang daripada 1 · 34 yen → lebih daripada 1
东盟以外的汇率 = kadar negara luar ASEAN
第二张表是五个东盟以外的国家。RM 1 ≈ 0.23 dolar AS、0.17 pound、0.34 dolar Australia、0.85 riyal、34 yen。前四个都小于 1，表示它们的 1 单位都比 RM 1 贵；只有 yen 是 34，大于 1，RM 1 可以换到三十多 yen。
例子：pound 是 0.17，是表里最小的数，所以 1 pound 比 1 dolar AS 还贵。
注意：riyal 0.85 虽然接近 1，但还是小于 1。
rates outside ASEAN = kadar negara luar ASEAN
The second table shows five countries outside ASEAN. RM 1 ≈ 0.23 US dollars, 0.17 pounds, 0.34 Australian dollars, 0.85 riyal and 34 yen. The first four are below 1, meaning one unit of each is worth more than RM 1; only the yen is 34, above 1, so RM 1 buys thirty-odd yen.
Example: the pound at 0.17 is the smallest number in the table, so one pound is worth even more than one US dollar.
Watch out: 0.85 riyal is close to 1, but it is still less than 1.
Cuba
Mengikut jadual, RM 1 ≈ berapa yen?
| Negara | RM 1 ≈ |
|---|---|
| Amerika Syarikat | 0.23 dolar |
| United Kingdom | 0.17 pound |
| Australia | 0.34 dolar |
| Arab Saudi | 0.85 riyal |
| Jepun | 34 yen |
kadar pada suatu hari (anggaran)
查表找 yen = cari yen dalam jadual
yen 是日本的钱，找 Jepun 那一行，读到 34。RM 1 ≈ 34 yen。0.34 是澳洲 dolar 那一行，0.85 是沙特 riyal 那一行。
例子：RM 1 换 34 yen，大约够在日本买一颗糖。
注意：34 和 0.34 看起来像，但一个大于 1，一个小于 1，差很远。
finding yen in the table = cari yen dalam jadual
The yen is Japan's money, so look at the Jepun row and read 34. RM 1 ≈ 34 yen. 0.34 belongs to the Australian dollar row and 0.85 to the Saudi riyal row.
Example: RM 1 changed into 34 yen is about enough for one sweet in Japan.
Watch out: 34 and 0.34 look alike, but one is above 1 and the other below 1, a big difference.
Padankan
RM 1 ≈ ?
配对汇率 = padankan kadar
先想国家用什么钱，再想数字：泰国 baht 7.5，印尼 rupiah 3 400，美国 dolar 0.23，日本 yen 34。货币名字对了，数字就不会配错。
例子：看到 rupiah 就想到印尼，看到 3 400 也想到印尼。
注意：0.23 dolar 是美国的，不是 0.30 的新加坡。
matching rates = padankan kadar
Think of each country's currency first, then its number: Thailand baht 7.5, Indonesia rupiah 3 400, the United States dollar 0.23, Japan yen 34. Once the currency name is right, the number falls into place.
Example: rupiah makes you think of Indonesia, and so does 3 400.
Watch out: 0.23 dolar is the United States, not Singapore at 0.30.
Cuba
Mengikut jadual ASEAN, RM 1 dapat paling banyak unit mata wang negara manakah?
| Negara | RM 1 ≈ |
|---|---|
| Vietnam | 5 700 dong |
| Indonesia | 3 400 rupiah |
| Kemboja | 930 riel |
kadar pada suatu hari (anggaran)
最多 = paling banyak；比较数字 = bandingkan nombor
看表比较三个数：越南 dong 5 700，印尼 rupiah 3 400，柬埔寨 riel 930。5 700 最大，所以 RM 1 换到最多的是越南的 dong。
例子：5 700 > 3 400 > 930，千位的 5 最大。
注意：换到最多，只表示那种钱一个单位很小，不代表越南的东西便宜。
the most = paling banyak; compare numbers = bandingkan nombor
Compare the three numbers in the table: Vietnam dong 5 700, Indonesia rupiah 3 400, Cambodia riel 930. 5 700 is the largest, so RM 1 buys the most units of Vietnam's dong.
Example: 5 700 > 3 400 > 930; the 5 in the thousands place is the biggest.
Watch out: getting the most units only means each unit is small; it does not mean things in Vietnam are cheap.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
RM 1 ≈ … · kadar berubah setiap hari · banding dengan 1
RM 1 boleh ditukar kepada mata wang lain mengikut kadar pertukaran pada hari itu. Cari negara dalam jadual, baca nilainya. Nilai lebih daripada 1: RM 1 dapat banyak unit. Nilai kurang daripada 1: 1 unit mata wang itu lebih berharga daripada RM 1.
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