Unit 7

Cabar Minda

80 sen dibahagikan sama rata kepada 10 orang murid.
Berapakah wang yang diterima oleh setiap murid? Tulis jawapan dalam RM.

挑战题 = cabar minda；单位 = unit；用 RM 作答 = tulis dalam RM 这一课的挑战在单位。题目给的是 80 sen，除以 10 人，但答案要用 RM 写。很多人直接算 80 ÷ 10 = 8，然后写 RM 8，那就错得很远，因为 8 其实是 8 sen。我们要先弄清楚 sen 和 RM 的关系，再除，最后用 RM 的写法写出来。例子：8 sen 用 RM 写是 RM 0.08，不是 RM 8。注意：先看清楚题目要的单位，算完再换成那个单位。

brain teaser = cabar minda; unit = unit; answer in RM = tulis dalam RM The trick in this unit is the unit of money. The question gives 80 sen shared by 10 pupils, but the answer must be written in RM. Many pupils work out 80 ÷ 10 = 8 and write RM 8, which is far too much, because that 8 is really 8 sen. We first sort out how sen and RM are related, then divide, and finally write the answer the RM way. Example: 8 sen written in RM is RM 0.08, not RM 8. Watch out: check which unit the question wants before you start, and change to that unit at the end.

Langkah 1

Faham syarat

sen atau RM?

Diketahui

80 sen ÷ 10 orang

Dicari

setiap orang, dalam RM

100 sen = RM 1 · 80 sen = RM 0.80 · 8 sen = RM 0.08

条件 = syarat；已知 = diketahui；要找 = dicari 第一步先把条件列出来：已知 80 sen 平分给 10 人；要找每人的钱，而且要用 RM 写。关键是 100 sen = RM 1，所以 80 sen 写成 RM 就是 RM 0.80，小数点前面的 0 表示不到 1 ringgit。同样，8 sen 是 RM 0.08，5 sen 是 RM 0.05。例子：45 sen = RM 0.45；3 sen = RM 0.03。注意：不到 1 ringgit 的钱，RM 后面一定先写 0 再写小数点。

clue = syarat; given = diketahui; to find = dicari Start by listing the clues: 80 sen is shared equally by 10 pupils, and we must find each pupil's share written in RM. The key fact is 100 sen = RM 1, so 80 sen written in RM is RM 0.80; the 0 before the point shows there is less than one ringgit. In the same way 8 sen is RM 0.08 and 5 sen is RM 0.05. Example: 45 sen = RM 0.45; 3 sen = RM 0.03. Watch out: for money below one ringgit, always write 0 before the decimal point.

Langkah 1 · Cuba

Tulis 80 sen dalam RM.

sen 换成 RM = tukar sen kepada RM 80 sen 不到 100 sen，所以不到 RM 1，ringgit 的位置写 0。sen 写在小数点后面，两位：80。所以 80 sen = RM 0.80。RM 8.00 是 8 ringgit，等于 800 sen，太多了；RM 0.08 只有 8 sen，太少了。例子：60 sen = RM 0.60；7 sen = RM 0.07。注意：80 sen 的两位数字是 8 和 0，写成 .08 就变成 8 sen 了。

changing sen into RM = tukar sen kepada RM 80 sen is less than 100 sen, so it is less than RM 1 and the ringgit place is 0. The sen go after the point as two digits: 80. So 80 sen = RM 0.80. RM 8.00 is 8 ringgit, which is 800 sen and far too much; RM 0.08 is only 8 sen and far too little. Example: 60 sen = RM 0.60; 7 sen = RM 0.07. Watch out: the two digits of 80 sen are 8 and 0; writing .08 turns it into 8 sen.

Langkah 2

Cuba: bahagi 10

Dua cara, satu jawapan

Cara 1: tukar → bahagi

80 sen = RM 0.80
RM 0.80 ÷ 10 = RM 0.08

Cara 2: bahagi → tukar

80 sen ÷ 10 = 8 sen
8 sen = RM 0.08

÷ 10 → titik perpuluhan ke kiri 1 tempat: 0.80 → 0.08

先换再除 = tukar dahulu, kemudian bahagi；先除再换 = bahagi dahulu, kemudian tukar 有两条路。第一条：先把 80 sen 换成 RM 0.80，再除以 10，小数点向左移 1 位，0.80 变 0.08，就是 RM 0.08。第二条：先除，80 sen ÷ 10 = 8 sen，再把 8 sen 换成 RM 0.08。两条路答案一样，说明算对了。例子：40 sen ÷ 10：RM 0.40 → RM 0.04；或 4 sen → RM 0.04。注意：8 sen 是 RM 0.08，不是 RM 0.8，也不是 RM 8。

change first, then divide = tukar dahulu, kemudian bahagi; divide first, then change = bahagi dahulu, kemudian tukar There are two routes. Route one: change 80 sen into RM 0.80 first, then divide by 10 by moving the decimal point one place left, so 0.80 becomes 0.08, which is RM 0.08. Route two: divide first, 80 sen ÷ 10 = 8 sen, then change 8 sen into RM 0.08. Both routes give the same answer, which tells us it is right. Example: 40 sen ÷ 10: RM 0.40 → RM 0.04, or 4 sen → RM 0.04. Watch out: 8 sen is RM 0.08, not RM 0.8 and not RM 8.

Langkah 2 · Cuba

20 sen dibahagikan sama rata kepada 10 orang. Berapakah setiap orang dapat, dalam RM?

换个数试试 = cuba nombor lain 20 sen ÷ 10 = 2 sen。2 sen 用 RM 写：ringgit 是 0，sen 是 02，所以 RM 0.02。用另一条路检查：20 sen = RM 0.20，÷ 10 小数点左移 1 位，变 RM 0.02，一样。例子：30 sen ÷ 10 = 3 sen = RM 0.03。注意：RM 2 是 200 sen，比原来的 20 sen 还多，分给 10 个人不可能每人拿得更多。

trying another number = cuba nombor lain 20 sen ÷ 10 = 2 sen. Written in RM, the ringgit is 0 and the sen are 02, so RM 0.02. Check by the other route: 20 sen = RM 0.20, and ÷ 10 moves the point one place left to give RM 0.02, the same. Example: 30 sen ÷ 10 = 3 sen = RM 0.03. Watch out: RM 2 is 200 sen, more than the 20 sen we started with; sharing among 10 people can never give each person more.

Langkah 3 · Semak

Semak dengan darab

验算 = semak；乘回去 = darab semula 最后一步是验算：答案乘 10 要变回原来的数。RM 0.08 × 10 = RM 0.80 = 80 sen，对。RM 0.05 × 10 = RM 0.50 = 50 sen，对。30 sen ÷ 10 = 3 sen = RM 0.03，90 sen ÷ 10 = 9 sen = RM 0.09，乘回去也都对。例子：如果写成 RM 0.80 ÷ 10 = RM 8，验算 RM 8 × 10 = RM 80，跟 80 sen 差太远，一看就知道错了。注意：几十 sen 除以 10，答案一定是 RM 0.0 再加一个数字。

checking = semak; multiplying back = darab semula The last step is to check: the answer times 10 must give back the starting amount. RM 0.08 × 10 = RM 0.80 = 80 sen, correct. RM 0.05 × 10 = RM 0.50 = 50 sen, correct. 30 sen ÷ 10 = 3 sen = RM 0.03 and 90 sen ÷ 10 = 9 sen = RM 0.09, and both multiply back correctly too. Example: if someone writes RM 0.80 ÷ 10 = RM 8, checking gives RM 8 × 10 = RM 80, nothing like 80 sen, so the mistake shows at once. Watch out: a few tens of sen divided by 10 always gives RM 0.0 followed by one more digit.

Ringkasan

Syabas!

faham unit → tukar → bahagi 10 → semak

Baca unit yang dikehendaki. 80 sen = RM 0.80. Bahagi 10: titik ke kiri satu tempat, RM 0.08. Semak: RM 0.08 × 10 = RM 0.80. Jangan tulis RM 8!

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