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Unit 14 · Tolak Perpuluhan
Unit 14

Tolak Perpuluhan

Kak Siti ada 0.9 m kain. Dia memotong 0.4 m untuk membuat bunga hiasan.
Berapakah baki kain?
0.9 m − 0.4 m = ?

Tolak Perpuluhan
tolak perpuluhan = 小数减法 “剩下多少”要用减法。小数减法和整数减法一样,把同一个位上的数相减:0.9 是 9 个十分之一,拿走 4 个十分之一,剩下 5 个十分之一,也就是 0.5。所以布还剩 0.5 m。 例子:0.8 ℓ − 0.3 ℓ = 0.5 ℓ。 注意:大的数写在前面,0.4 − 0.9 是不对的。
tolak perpuluhan = subtract decimals A question about what is left calls for subtraction. Subtracting decimals works like subtracting whole numbers: take away digits in the same place. 0.9 is 9 tenths; take away 4 tenths and 5 tenths are left, which is 0.5. So 0.5 m of cloth is left. Example: 0.8 ℓ − 0.3 ℓ = 0.5 ℓ. Watch out: write the bigger number first; 0.4 − 0.9 is the wrong way round.
Cara 1 · Jadual nilai tempat

Tolak persepuluh

0.9 − 0.4 = ?

sapersepuluh
0•9
−0•4
0•5

9 persepuluh − 4 persepuluh = 5 persepuluh

Baki kain ialah 0.5 m.

jadual nilai tempat = 位值表 把 0.9 和 0.4 写进位值表,小数点要上下对齐。先减十分位:9 个十分之一减 4 个十分之一,剩 5 个十分之一;再减个位:0 − 0 = 0。答案 0.5,布还剩 0.5 m。 例子:0.7 − 0.6 → 十分位 7 − 6 = 1 → 0.1。 注意:答案的小数点要和上面两行对齐。
jadual nilai tempat = place value table Write 0.9 and 0.4 in the place value table with the decimal points lined up. Subtract the tenths first: 9 tenths minus 4 tenths leaves 5 tenths. Then the ones: 0 − 0 = 0. The answer is 0.5, so 0.5 m of cloth is left. Example: 0.7 − 0.6 → tenths 7 − 6 = 1 → 0.1. Watch out: keep the decimal point of the answer in line with the two rows above.
Cara 2 · Garis nombor

Lompat ke belakang

0.9 − 0.4 = ?

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0−0.1−0.1−0.1−0.10.5

0.4 = 4 lompatan 0.1 ke kiri

0.9 − 0.4 = 0.5
lompat ke belakang = 往回跳 在数线上,减法就是往左跳。从 0.9 出发,0.4 是 4 个 0.1,所以往左跳 4 次,每次 0.1:0.8、0.7、0.6、0.5。最后停在 0.5,跟位值表算出来的一样。 例子:0.6 − 0.3 → 从 0.6 往左跳 3 次 → 0.3。 注意:往左跳才是减,往右跳就变成加了。
lompat ke belakang = jump backwards On a number line, subtracting means jumping to the left. Start at 0.9. Since 0.4 is four lots of 0.1, make four jumps of 0.1 to the left: 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5. You stop at 0.5, the same answer as the place value table. Example: 0.6 − 0.3 → from 0.6 jump left 3 times → 0.3. Watch out: jumping to the right would be adding, not subtracting.
Cuba kira

Jag berisi 0.8 ℓ jus jingga. Ahmad minum 0.5 ℓ. Berapakah baki jus?

baki = 剩下 “baki”问的是喝掉以后还剩多少,所以用减法,不是加法。把 0.8 和 0.5 的小数点对齐,十分位相减,再写上单位 ℓ。也可以在数线上从 0.8 往左跳。 例子:0.7 ℓ − 0.2 ℓ = 0.5 ℓ。 注意:十分之一减十分之一,答案的数字还是在十分位。
baki = what is left The word baki asks how much juice remains after drinking, so subtract instead of adding. Line up the decimal points of 0.8 and 0.5, subtract the tenths, then add the unit ℓ. You could also jump left from 0.8 on a number line. Example: 0.7 ℓ − 0.2 ℓ = 0.5 ℓ. Watch out: tenths minus tenths leaves a digit in the tenths place.
Bentuk lazim

Kumpul semula untuk menolak

0.63 ℓ − 0.37 ℓ = ?

513
0.63
−0.37
0.26

3 tidak boleh tolak 7 → 1 persepuluh = 10 perseratus
perseratus: 13 − 7 = 6 · persepuluh: 5 − 3 = 2

0.63 − 0.37 = 0.26
kumpul semula = 借位(退位) 算这一题要先减百分位:三不够减七,就从十分位借一。一个十分之一等于十个百分之一,所以百分位变成十三,十分位的六变成五。再减:13 − 7 = 6,5 − 3 = 2,剩下 0.26 ℓ。 例子:0.42 − 0.18 → 12 − 8 = 4,3 − 1 = 2 → 0.24。 注意:借了以后,十分位要少 1。
kumpul semula = regroup to subtract For 0.63 − 0.37, start with the hundredths: 3 is less than 7, so regroup 1 tenth as 10 hundredths. The hundredths become 13 and the 6 tenths become 5. Then 13 − 7 = 6 and 5 − 3 = 2, so the answer is 0.26 ℓ. Example: 0.42 − 0.18 → 12 − 8 = 4, 3 − 1 = 2 → 0.24. Watch out: after regrouping, the tenths digit is 1 less.
Cari beza

Tulis 0.8 sebagai 0.80

Beza 0.8 m dengan 0.26 m

0.8 = 0.80
710
0.80
−0.26
0.54

Beza tinggi ialah 0.54 m.

beza = 相差 求两个数相差多少,要用大的数减小的数。0.8 只有一位小数,先补 0 写成 0.80。百分位 0 不够减 6,从十分位借 1:10 − 6 = 4;十分位 8 借走 1 剩 7,7 − 2 = 5。相差 0.54 m。 例子:0.6 − 0.25 → 0.60 − 0.25 = 0.35。 注意:不要把 0 − 6 写成 6,空位补 0 以后也要借位。
beza = difference Subtract the smaller number from the bigger one. 0.8 has only one decimal place, so write it as 0.80. In the hundredths, 0 is less than 6, so regroup from the tenths: 10 − 6 = 4. The tenths 8 becomes 7, and 7 − 2 = 5. The difference is 0.54 m. Example: 0.6 − 0.25 → 0.60 − 0.25 = 0.35. Watch out: 0 − 6 is not 6; you still need to regroup after adding the zero.
Cuba kira

0.72 − 0.48 = ?

tolak dengan kumpul semula = 借位减法 百分位 2 比 8 小,不能直接减,也不能倒过来用 8 − 2。要从十分位借 1 给百分位,再减;十分位被借走以后,记得先减 1 再计算。 例子:0.53 − 0.29 → 13 − 9 = 4,4 − 2 = 2 → 0.24。 注意:借位后十分位忘了减 1,答案会大了 0.1。
tolak dengan kumpul semula = subtract with regrouping In the hundredths, 2 is smaller than 8, so you cannot subtract straight away, and you must not swap it to 8 − 2. Regroup 1 tenth into the hundredths, then subtract. Remember the tenths digit is now 1 less. Example: 0.53 − 0.29 → 13 − 9 = 4, 4 − 2 = 2 → 0.24. Watch out: forgetting to lower the tenths makes the answer 0.1 too big.
Cuba kira

0.5 − 0.17 = ?

tulis sifar = 补 0 0.5 只有十分位,0.17 有百分位,先把 0.5 写成 0.50。百分位变成 0 − 7,不够减,要从十分位借 1;十分位的 5 借走以后剩 4,再减 1。 例子:0.4 − 0.16 → 0.40 − 0.16 = 0.24。 注意:这是减法,不要把两个数加起来。
tulis sifar = write a zero 0.5 has only tenths but 0.17 has hundredths, so write 0.5 as 0.50 first. Now the hundredths show 0 − 7, which needs regrouping from the tenths. After lending 1, the 5 tenths become 4, and then you take away 1 tenth. Example: 0.4 − 0.16 → 0.40 − 0.16 = 0.24. Watch out: this is subtraction, so do not add the two numbers.
Nombor yang hilang

Cari anu dan semak

0.86 − □ = 0.31

Cari anu

0.86
−0.31
0.55

Semak

0.55
+0.31
0.86
0.86 − 0.55 = 0.31
semak jawapan = 检查答案 这个算式表示从 0.86 减掉一个数以后,还剩 0.31。被减掉的数就用 0.86 减去 0.31 来求,得到 0.55。检查时用加法:把答案和剩下的数加起来,回到原来的数就对了。 例子:0.7 − □ = 0.2 → □ = 0.5。 注意:用加法检查时,要加回剩下的数。
semak jawapan = check the answer 0.86 − □ = 0.31 means something is taken from 0.86 and 0.31 is left. Find the box with 0.86 − 0.31, which gives 0.55. Check by adding: 0.55 + 0.31 = 0.86, the number we started with, so the answer is right. Example: 0.7 − □ = 0.2 → 0.7 − 0.2 = 0.5, and 0.5 + 0.2 = 0.7. Watch out: when checking, add the answer and the number that was left.
Padankan

Cari bakinya

padankan baki = 配对差 先看两个数的位数,位数不同就在后面补 0。小数点对齐后从百分位开始减,上面的数字比下面小就要借位。算好以后,用加法很快检查一次,再去找右边的卡片。 例子:0.8 − 0.35 → 0.80 − 0.35 = 0.45。 注意:0.7 − 0.05 要写成 0.70 − 0.05,5 在百分位。
padankan baki = match the difference Check the number of decimal places first, and add a zero when they differ. Line up the points and subtract from the hundredths; regroup whenever the top digit is smaller. Check quickly by adding, then find the matching card. Example: 0.8 − 0.35 → 0.80 − 0.35 = 0.45. Watch out: 0.7 − 0.05 should be written 0.70 − 0.05, because the 5 is in the hundredths.
Digit yang hilang

Apakah nombor yang hilang?

0.81
−0.□□
0.36
cari nombor yang ditolak = 求减数 竖式里被减去的数被盖住了。用被减数减去差就能求出它:0.81 − 0.36。百分位 1 不够减 6,要先借位,十分位记得少 1。求出后和 0.36 相加检查。 例子:0.92 − 0.□□ = 0.46 → 0.92 − 0.46 = 0.46。 注意:不要把 0.81 和 0.36 加起来。
cari nombor yang ditolak = find the number taken away The number being subtracted is hidden. Take the answer away from the first number to find it: 0.81 − 0.36. The hundredths need regrouping because 1 is less than 6, and the tenths go down by 1. Then add your result to 0.36 to see if it makes 0.81. Example: 0.92 − 0.□□ = 0.46 → 0.92 − 0.46 = 0.46. Watch out: adding 0.81 and 0.36 does not find the hidden number.
Semak dengan tambah

Susun kad untuk menyemak 0.9 − 0.34 = 0.56. Mula dengan jawapan.

tambah untuk semak = 用加法检查 减法算完以后,把“答案”和“减去的数”相加,如果回到原来的被减数,就说明减对了。检查算式的样子是:答案 + 减去的数 = 原来的数。一位小数补 0 后大小不变。 例子:0.6 − 0.24 = 0.36 → 0.36 + 0.24 = 0.60。 注意:检查时用加号,不是减号。
tambah untuk semak = add to check After a subtraction, add the answer to the number that was taken away. If you get back the starting number, the subtraction is right. The check has this shape: answer + number taken away = starting number. Adding a zero to a one-place decimal keeps its value. Example: 0.6 − 0.24 = 0.36 → 0.36 + 0.24 = 0.60. Watch out: the check uses a plus sign, not a minus sign.
Ringkasan

Syabas!

Kumpul semula jika perlu

Susun titik perpuluhan dalam satu lajur dan tulis sifar jika perlu. Jika digit atas lebih kecil, kumpul semula 1 persepuluh kepada 10 perseratus. Semak jawapan dengan tambah.

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