Unit 4
Pecahan Bentuk Termudah
Mei Ling memotong sebiji kek kepada 6 bahagian sama besar dan makan 3 bahagian.
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36 sama nilai dengan 12. Pecahan 12 lebih mudah dibaca. Inilah pecahan bentuk termudah.
最简分数 = pecahan bentuk termudah
3/6 和 1/2 涂色的大小一样，所以两个分数相等。把分子和分母都变到最小、不能再一起除的时候，就得到最简分数。这一单元学的就是怎样把分数化成最简分数。
例子：一块饼切成 4 份吃 2 份，2/4 化简后是 1/2。
注意：化简后分数的大小不变，只是写法更简单。
simplest form = pecahan bentuk termudah
3/6 and 1/2 cover the same amount of cake, so they are equal fractions. When the numerator and denominator are as small as they can be, the fraction is in its simplest form. In this unit we learn how to reach that form.
Example: a pancake cut into 4 pieces with 2 eaten is 2/4, which simplifies to 1/2.
Watch out: simplifying never changes the size of the fraction, only how it is written.
Cara permudahkan
Bahagi dengan nombor yang sama
28 = ?
2 ÷ 28 ÷ 2 = 14
同除一个数 = bahagi dengan nombor yang sama
2 和 8 都能被 2 整除，上下同时除以 2：2÷2=1，8÷2=4，得到 1/4。长条也看得出：8 小格里的 2 格，刚好等于 4 大格里的 1 格。
例子：2/6 → 上下各除以 2 → 1/3。
注意：只除分子、不除分母，分数就变小了，答案会错。
divide top and bottom by the same number = bahagi pengangka dan penyebut dengan nombor yang sama
Both 2 and 8 can be divided exactly by 2, so divide both: 2÷2=1 and 8÷2=4, giving 1/4. The strips show it too: 2 small parts out of 8 match 1 big part out of 4.
Example: 2/6 → divide both by 2 → 1/3.
Watch out: dividing only the numerator makes the fraction smaller, so the answer goes wrong.
Guna bulatan
Cari nombor pembahagi
Permudahkan 69.
69→23
6 ÷ 39 ÷ 3 = 23
找除数 = cari nombor pembahagi
6 和 9 不能同时被 2 整除，但都能被 3 整除。上下各除以 3：6÷3=2，9÷3=3，所以 6/9 = 2/3。圆形里每 3 小块合成 1 大块，9 小块变成 3 大块。
例子：3/9 → 上下各除以 3 → 1/3。
注意：先试 2，不行再试 3、4、5，要找到上下都能整除的数。
find the divisor = cari nombor pembahagi
6 and 9 cannot both be divided by 2, but both can be divided by 3. Divide top and bottom by 3: 6÷3=2 and 9÷3=3, so 6/9 = 2/3. In the circle, every 3 small slices join into 1 big slice.
Example: 3/9 → divide both by 3 → 1/3.
Watch out: try 2 first; if it fails, try 3, 4 or 5 until one number divides both exactly.
Sudah termudah?
Semak pecahan bentuk termudah
Hanya boleh dibahagi dengan 1
Sudah termudah
34 25 57
Belum termudah
46 510 68
4 ÷ 26 ÷ 2 = 23
检查是否最简 = semak bentuk termudah
最简分数的分子和分母，除了 1 没有别的数能同时整除。3/4、2/5、5/7 都已经是最简分数。4/6 还不是，因为 4 和 6 都能被 2 整除，化简后是 2/3。
例子：5/10 → 5 和 10 都能被 5 整除 → 1/2。
注意：化简一次以后要再检查，确定上下不能再一起除。
check for simplest form = semak bentuk termudah
In a simplest-form fraction, no number except 1 divides both the numerator and the denominator. 3/4, 2/5 and 5/7 are already simplest. 4/6 is not, because 2 divides both 4 and 6, giving 2/3.
Example: 5/10 → 5 divides both 5 and 10 → 1/2.
Watch out: after one division, check again to make sure nothing else divides both.
Kumpulan objek
Pecahan bagi sekumpulan objek
6 biji belon: 4 biru, 2 putih
4 ÷ 26 ÷ 2 = 23 26 = 13
一组物件的分数 = pecahan bagi sekumpulan objek
6 个气球里有 4 个蓝色，蓝色占 4/6；上下各除以 2，最简分数是 2/3。白色 2 个占 2/6，即 1/3。长条也一样：6 小格的 4 格等于 3 大格的 2 格。
例子：8 粒弹珠中 2 粒红色 → 2/8 → 1/4。
注意：分母是物件的总数，不是另一种颜色的数目。
fraction of a group = pecahan bagi sekumpulan objek
4 of the 6 balloons are blue, so blue is 4/6; dividing both by 2 gives the simplest form 2/3. The 2 white balloons make 2/6, which simplifies to 1/3. The strips agree: 4 of 6 small parts equal 2 of 3 big parts.
Example: 2 red marbles among 8 → 2/8 → 1/4.
Watch out: the denominator is the total number of objects, not the number of the other colour.
Cuba
Permudahkan 510.
化简 = permudahkan
5 和 10 都能被 5 整除。上下同时除以同一个数，再看结果能不能继续化简。最后的分子和分母只能被 1 同时整除。
例子：2/10 → 上下各除以 2 → 1/5。
注意：分子和分母一定要除以同一个数，不能上面除以 5、下面除以 2。
simplify = permudahkan
Both 5 and 10 can be divided exactly by 5. Divide the top and the bottom by that same number, then see whether the result can be simplified further. In the end only 1 should divide both.
Example: 2/10 → divide both by 2 → 1/5.
Watch out: use one divisor for both parts; never divide the top by 5 and the bottom by 2.
Susun langkah
Permudahkan 68. Susun kad: pengangka dahulu, kemudian penyebut, akhir sekali jawapan.
约分步骤 = langkah permudahkan
先找出能同时整除 6 和 8 的数，然后先算分子、再算分母，最后把新的分子写在上面、新的分母写在下面。
例子：4/10 → 4÷2=2，10÷2=5 → 2/5。
注意：6÷3 可以整除，但 8 不能被 3 整除，所以这一题不能用 3。
steps to simplify = langkah permudahkan
First find a number that divides both 6 and 8 exactly. Work out the numerator, then the denominator, and finally put the new numerator on top and the new denominator below.
Example: 4/10 → 4÷2=2, 10÷2=5 → 2/5.
Watch out: 3 divides 6, but it does not divide 8, so 3 cannot be used here.
Padankan
Cari bentuk termudah
配对最简分数 = padankan bentuk termudah
每个分数都要找一个能同时整除分子和分母的数，除完后的结果就是它的最简分数。三组用的除数不一样，要分别找。
例子：4/8 → 上下各除以 4 → 1/2。
注意：右边有两张卡的分母一样，要再比较分子才能配对。
match the simplest form = padankan bentuk termudah
For each fraction, find a number that divides its numerator and denominator exactly; the result is its simplest form. The three cards need different divisors, so check each one separately.
Example: 4/8 → divide both by 4 → 1/2.
Watch out: when two cards on the right share a denominator, compare their numerators before you match.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
4 ÷ 26 ÷ 2 = 23
Bahagi pengangka dan penyebut dengan nombor yang sama sehingga hanya boleh dibahagi dengan 1.
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