Unit 23
Selesaikan Masalah
Mak Cik Rosnah membeli 5 papan telur. Setiap papan ada 18 biji telur. Berapakah jumlah telur?
乘除应用题 = masalah darab dan bahagi
同样用四个步骤：Diberi（已知）、Dicari（要求）、Cara（画图或模型、写算式、计算）、Semak（检查）。“几组，每组一样多，求总数”用乘法；“总数平均分，求每份或几份”用除法。
例子：5 盘，每盘 18 个蛋，求总数 → 5 × 18。
注意：乘法可以用连加检查，除法可以用乘法检查。
multiplication and division problems = masalah darab dan bahagi
Use the same four steps: Diberi (given), Dicari (asked), Cara (draw a picture or model, write a number sentence, calculate), Semak (check). 'Several equal groups, find the total' means multiply; 'share a total equally, find each share or the number of groups' means divide.
Example: 5 trays of 18 eggs, find the total → 5 × 18.
Watch out: check multiplication by repeated addition and division by multiplication.
Cara
Darab untuk kumpulan sama banyak
5 × 18 = ?
| 4 | ||
| 1 | 8 | |
| × | 5 | |
| 9 | 0 |
Semak: 18 + 18 + 18 + 18 + 18 = 90 ✔
乘法应用题 = masalah darab
已知：5 盘，每盘 18 个；要求：总数。画 5 段一样长的条形，每段 18。算式 5 × 18：个位 5×8=40，写 0 进 4；十位 5×1=5，+4 = 9 → 90。检查：18 连加 5 次 = 90 ✔。
例子：3 盒芒果，每盒 12 个 → 3 × 12 = 36。
注意：答案要写单位“biji”。
multiplication problem = masalah darab
Given: 5 trays, 18 each; asked: the total. Draw 5 equal bars of 18. 5 × 18: ones 5×8=40, write 0 carry 4; tens 5×1=5, +4 = 9 → 90. Check: 18 added 5 times = 90 ✔.
Example: 3 boxes of 12 mangoes → 3 × 12 = 36.
Watch out: write the unit in the answer.
Cara
Bahagi dengan baki
4 357 ÷ 6 = ?
| 7 | 2 | 6 | ||
| 6) | 4 | 3 | 5 | 7 |
baki 1
Semak: 6 × 726 + 1 = 4 357 ✔
有余数的应用题 = masalah bahagi dengan baki
4 357 支笔，每 6 支装一包：4 357 ÷ 6。4 比 6 小，看 43：43 ÷ 6 = 7 余 1；带下 5 成 15：15 ÷ 6 = 2 余 3；带下 7 成 37：37 ÷ 6 = 6 余 1。答案 726 包，剩 1 支。用乘法检查：6 × 726 + 1 = 4 357 ✔。
例子：100 个人每车坐 8 人 → 12 车，剩 4 人。
注意：答案要同时回答“几包”和“剩几个”。
division problem with a remainder = masalah bahagi dengan baki
4 357 pens, 6 in each pack: 4 357 ÷ 6. 4 is less than 6, so use 43: 43 ÷ 6 = 7 r 1; bring down 5 to make 15: 15 ÷ 6 = 2 r 3; bring down 7 to make 37: 37 ÷ 6 = 6 r 1. 726 packs with 1 pen left. Check: 6 × 726 + 1 = 4 357 ✔.
Example: 100 people, 8 per van → 12 vans with 4 people left.
Watch out: answer both how many packs and how many are left.
Kali ganda
Kak Ina menjual 1 360 cawan air tebu sebulan. Abang Zul menjual 4 kali bilangan itu. Berapakah jualan Abang Zul?
倍 = kali ganda
比较模型有两行：Kak Ina 一段 1 360；Abang Zul 是它的 4 倍，所以画 4 段一样长的 1 360。求 4 段合起来：4 × 1 360。十位 4×6=24，写 4 进 2；百位 4×3=12，+2 = 14，写 4 进 1；千位 4×1=4，+1 = 5 → 5 440。
例子：250 的 3 倍 = 750。
注意：1 364 是把 4 加上去，不对。
times as many = kali ganda
The comparison model has two rows: Kak Ina has one bar of 1 360; Abang Zul sells 4 times as many, so his row has 4 equal bars of 1 360. Find all 4 bars: 4 × 1 360. Tens 4×6=24, write 4 carry 2; hundreds 4×3=12, +2 = 14, write 4 carry 1; thousands 4×1=4, +1 = 5 → 5 440.
Example: 3 times 250 = 750.
Watch out: 1 364 adds 4, which is wrong.
Bahagi sama banyak
Kak Mia menyusun 84 biji kek cawan di atas 6 buah dulang. Bilangan kek di atas setiap dulang adalah sama. Berapakah kek cawan di atas satu dulang?
平分 = bahagi sama banyak
84 个杯子蛋糕摆在 6 个托盘上，每盘一样多，用除法 84 ÷ 6：8 ÷ 6 = 1 余 2；把余下的 2 个十换成 20 个一，加 4 成 24，24 ÷ 6 = 4 → 14。检查：6 × 14 = 84 ✔。
例子：72 ÷ 3 = 24。
注意：78 是减法，90 是加法，都用错了运算。
share equally = bahagi sama banyak
84 cupcakes on 6 trays, the same on each, is 84 ÷ 6: 8 ÷ 6 = 1 r 2; change the 2 tens left into 20 ones and add 4 to make 24, 24 ÷ 6 = 4 → 14. Check: 6 × 14 = 84 ✔.
Example: 72 ÷ 3 = 24.
Watch out: 78 subtracts and 90 adds; both are the wrong operation.
Semak
Pen: 4 357 batang, 6 batang sepek → 726 pek baki 1 batang. Cara manakah menyemak jawapan ini?
检查除法 = semak bahagi
除法用乘法检查：除数 × 商 + 余数 = 被除数。6 × 726 = 4 356，4 356 + 1 = 4 357 ✔，所以答案正确。
例子：29 ÷ 4 = 7 baki 1 → 4 × 7 + 1 = 29 ✔。
注意：余数也要加进去检查。
check a division = semak bahagi
Check division with multiplication: divisor × answer + remainder = number divided. 6 × 726 = 4 356, and 4 356 + 1 = 4 357 ✔.
Example: 29 ÷ 4 = 7 baki 1 → 4 × 7 + 1 = 29 ✔.
Watch out: add the remainder when you check.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Darab · Bahagi · Semak
Kumpulan sama banyak → darab. Bahagi sama banyak → bahagi. Semak dengan operasi songsang.
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