Unit 14
Selesaikan Masalah
Kedai Pak Samad ada 3 460 buah buku latihan. Dia menjual 1 285 buah pada bulan Jun dan 1 470 buah pada bulan Julai. Berapakah baki buku latihan?
解应用题 = selesaikan masalah
解应用题有四个步骤：Diberi（已知什么）、Dicari（要求什么）、Cara（怎样算：画图、写算式、计算）、Semak（检查）。先读懂题目，再决定用加法还是减法。
例子：果园有 2 000 个芒果，摘了 850 个，问还剩多少 → Diberi 2 000 和 850，Dicari 剩下的数目，用减法。
注意：先找出题目问的是什么，才开始计算。
solve problems = selesaikan masalah
There are four steps: Diberi (what is given), Dicari (what is asked), Cara (how: draw a model, write a number sentence, calculate) and Semak (check). Understand the question first, then decide whether to add or subtract.
Example: an orchard has 2 000 mangoes and 850 are picked; how many are left? → Diberi 2 000 and 850, Dicari what is left, so subtract.
Watch out: find out what the question asks before you start calculating.
Empat langkah
Diberi · Dicari · Cara · Semak
① Diberi – maklumat yang ada
② Dicari – apa yang ditanya
③ Cara – lukis model, tulis ayat matematik, kira
④ Semak – semak jawapan
四个步骤 = empat langkah
① Diberi：把题目给的数字和资料圈出来；② Dicari：把问题用自己的话说一次；③ Cara：画条形图，写算式，再计算；④ Semak：用相反的运算或约数检查答案。
例子：减法的答案可以用加法检查：剩下的 + 卖掉的 = 原来的。
注意：答案要写单位和一句完整的话。
four steps = empat langkah
① Diberi: circle the numbers and facts given; ② Dicari: say the question in your own words; ③ Cara: draw a bar model, write the number sentence and calculate; ④ Semak: check with the opposite operation or an estimate.
Example: check a subtraction by adding: what is left + what was sold = what there was at first.
Watch out: write the unit and a full sentence for the answer.
Cara
Lukis model bar
3 460 − 1 285 − 1 470
3 460 − 1 285 = 2 175
2 175 − 1 470 = 705
Semak: 1 285 + 1 470 + 705 = 3 460 ✔
条形模型 = model bar
画一条长条代表全部 3 460 本，分成三段：六月卖的 1 285、七月卖的 1 470、剩下的 ?。算式：3 460 − 1 285 = 2 175，2 175 − 1 470 = 705。检查：三段加起来 1 285 + 1 470 + 705 = 3 460 ✔。
例子：全部 100，分成 30、50 和 ? → ? = 20。
注意：剩下的 705 本，要写单位“buah”。
bar model = model bar
Draw one long bar for all 3 460 books and split it into June sales 1 285, July sales 1 470 and what is left ?. Number sentence: 3 460 − 1 285 = 2 175, 2 175 − 1 470 = 705. Check: 1 285 + 1 470 + 705 = 3 460 ✔.
Example: a whole of 100 split into 30, 50 and ? → ? = 20.
Watch out: 705 books are left; write the unit.
Langkah 2: Dicari
Kebun A ada 2 350 batang pokok. Kebun B ada 1 480 batang lebih daripada Kebun A. Berapakah jumlah pokok di kedua-dua kebun?
Apakah yang dicari?
要求什么 = dicari
题目最后一句问的是“两个果园一共有多少棵树”，所以要求的是 A 园和 B 园的总数。A 园的数目已经给了（Diberi），相差 1 480 也给了。
例子：问“berapakah baki” → 要求剩下多少。
注意：一定要先读最后的问题句。
what is asked = dicari
The last sentence asks how many trees there are in both orchards together, so we want the total of A and B. Orchard A's number and the 1 480 more are given (Diberi).
Example: 'berapakah baki' → we want what is left.
Watch out: always read the question sentence at the end first.
Langkah 3: Cara
Kebun B = 2 350 + 1 480 = 3 830.
Berapakah jumlah pokok di kedua-dua kebun?
两步题 = masalah dua langkah
第一步先求 B 园：2 350 + 1 480 = 3 830；第二步求总数：2 350 + 3 830 = 6 180。3 830 只是 B 园的数目，不是答案。
例子：A 有 10，B 比 A 多 5 → B = 15，总共 25。
注意：“lebih daripada”先求出 B，再求总和。
two-step problem = masalah dua langkah
Step 1, find orchard B: 2 350 + 1 480 = 3 830. Step 2, the total: 2 350 + 3 830 = 6 180. 3 830 is only orchard B.
Example: A has 10, B has 5 more → B = 15, total 25.
Watch out: 'lebih daripada' tells you to find B first, then the total.
Langkah 4: Semak
Hana menyelesaikan: 5 000 − 1 750 = 3 250. Cara manakah boleh menyemak jawapan ini?
检查 = semak
减法用加法检查：答案 + 减掉的数 = 原来的数。3 250 + 1 750 = 5 000 ✔，所以答案对。
例子：800 − 300 = 500 → 500 + 300 = 800 ✔。
注意：检查时不能把原来的数再加一次。
check = semak
Check a subtraction by adding: answer + number taken away = starting number. 3 250 + 1 750 = 5 000 ✔, so the answer is right.
Example: 800 − 300 = 500 → 500 + 300 = 800 ✔.
Watch out: do not add the starting number again when checking.
Baca jadual
Jadual menunjukkan bilangan kampit beras di dua gudang. 2 600 kampit dihantar ke kedai. Berapakah baki beras di kedua-dua gudang?
| Gudang | Beras (kampit) |
| A | 2 450 |
| B | 1 875 |
先加后减 = tambah dahulu, kemudian tolak
四个步骤：Diberi：表格里 A 仓 2 450 包、B 仓 1 875 包，送走 2 600 包；Dicari：两个仓库一共还剩多少；Cara：先加 2 450 + 1 875 = 4 325（一共有多少），再减 4 325 − 2 600 = 1 725；Semak：1 725 + 2 600 = 4 325 ✔。
例子：书架上有 300 本和 450 本书，借出 500 本 → 300 + 450 − 500 = 250。
注意：4 325 只是一共有多少，还没减去送走的；读表格时要看清楚每一行的数字。
add then subtract = tambah dahulu, kemudian tolak
Four steps. Diberi: the table shows 2 450 sacks in A and 1 875 in B, and 2 600 are sent away. Dicari: how many are left in both warehouses. Cara: first add 2 450 + 1 875 = 4 325 (the total), then subtract 4 325 − 2 600 = 1 725. Semak: 1 725 + 2 600 = 4 325 ✔.
Example: shelves hold 300 and 450 books and 500 are lent out → 300 + 450 − 500 = 250.
Watch out: 4 325 is only the total before any were sent away; read each row of the table carefully.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Diberi → Dicari → Cara → Semak
Baca, fahami, lukis model, kira dan semak. Tulis jawapan dengan unit.
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