Unit 12
Tambah dan Tolak
Dalam bas ada 24 penumpang. Di perhentian pertama, 15 orang naik. Di perhentian kedua, 8 orang turun. Berapakah penumpang sekarang?
24 + 15 − 8 = ?

加减混合 = tambah dan tolak
一个算式里同时有加号和减号,就叫加减混合。要按从左到右的次序,一步一步地计算:先算左边的第一个符号,得到的答案再算第二个符号。
例子:24 + 15 − 8 → 先 24 + 15 = 39,再 39 − 8 = 31。
注意:“上车”用加,“下车”用减。
addition and subtraction together = tambah dan tolak
When a number sentence has both + and −, work from left to right one step at a time: do the first sign, then use that answer for the second sign.
Example: 24 + 15 − 8 → first 24 + 15 = 39, then 39 − 8 = 31.
Watch out: people getting on means add; getting off means subtract.
Kiri ke kanan
Kira dari kiri ke kanan
6 537 − 412 + 58
Langkah 1
| 6 | 5 | 3 | 7 | |
| − | 4 | 1 | 2 | |
| 6 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
Langkah 2
| 1 | ||||
| 6 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |
| + | 5 | 8 | ||
| 6 | 1 | 8 | 3 |
从左到右 = dari kiri ke kanan
第一步先算左边的减法:6 537 − 412 = 6 125;第二步用这个答案做加法:6 125 + 58 = 6 183(个位 5+8=13 进 1)。
例子:100 − 30 + 20 = 70 + 20 = 90。
注意:不能先算后面的 412 + 58,那样答案会错。
from left to right = dari kiri ke kanan
Step 1, the subtraction on the left: 6 537 − 412 = 6 125. Step 2, add using that answer: 6 125 + 58 = 6 183 (5+8=13, carry 1).
Example: 100 − 30 + 20 = 70 + 20 = 90.
Watch out: do not work out 412 + 58 first; that gives a wrong answer.
Cara 2
Tukar susunan bersama simbol
45 − 8 + 30 = ?
Cara 1: 45 − 8 = 37 → 37 + 30 = 67
Cara 2: 45 + 30 − 8
75 − 8 = 67
✘ 45 − 30 + 8 = 23
带着符号换次序 = tukar susunan bersama simbol
加减混合的算式,可以把后面的数换位置,但符号要跟着它的数一起走:“− 8” 永远是减 8,“+ 30” 永远是加 30。45 − 8 + 30 可以换成 45 + 30 − 8,两种都等于 67。
例子:120 − 20 + 50 → 120 + 50 − 20 = 150。
注意:只换数不换符号就错了:45 − 30 + 8 = 23,因为 30 被减掉、8 被加上了。
move the numbers with their signs = tukar susunan bersama simbol
In a mixed number sentence you may change the order of the later numbers, but each sign must move with its number: − 8 is always take away 8 and + 30 is always add 30. So 45 − 8 + 30 can become 45 + 30 − 8, and both give 67.
Example: 120 − 20 + 50 → 120 + 50 − 20 = 150.
Watch out: swapping the numbers but not the signs is wrong: 45 − 30 + 8 = 23, because 30 is taken away and 8 is added.
Isi simbol
+ atau − ?
450 □ 200 □ 100 = 550
450 + 200 − 100 = 550 ✔
450 − 200 + 100 = 350 ✘
填符号 = isi simbol
把 + 和 − 放进空格,一个一个试,再从左到右算,看哪一种等于 550:450 + 200 − 100 = 550 ✔;450 − 200 + 100 = 350 ✘。
例子:50 □ 30 □ 10 = 70 → 50 + 30 − 10 = 70。
注意:答案比第一个数大,通常先要加。
fill in the signs = isi simbol
Put + and − into the boxes and test each way, working from left to right, to see which gives 550: 450 + 200 − 100 = 550 ✔; 450 − 200 + 100 = 350 ✘.
Example: 50 □ 30 □ 10 = 70 → 50 + 30 − 10 = 70.
Watch out: if the answer is bigger than the first number, you probably need to add first.
Cuba kira
3 218 + 1 405 − 623 = ?
先加后减 = tambah dahulu, kemudian tolak
从左到右:3 218 + 1 405 = 4 623(个位 8+5=13 进 1),然后 4 623 − 623 = 4 000。
例子:1 500 + 700 − 200 = 2 000。
注意:4 623 只是第一步的答案。
add then subtract = tambah dahulu, kemudian tolak
Left to right: 3 218 + 1 405 = 4 623 (8+5=13, carry 1), then 4 623 − 623 = 4 000.
Example: 1 500 + 700 − 200 = 2 000.
Watch out: 4 623 is only the answer to step 1.
Dengan kumpul semula
5 000 − 2 480 + 975 = ?
先减后加 = tolak dahulu, kemudian tambah
5 000 − 2 480 = 2 520;2 520 + 975 = 3 495(个位 0+5=5,十位 2+7=9,百位 5+9=14 进 1,千位 2+1=3)。
例子:1 000 − 400 + 50 = 650。
注意:1 545 是先算 2 480 + 975 再减的错误做法。
subtract then add = tolak dahulu, kemudian tambah
5 000 − 2 480 = 2 520; 2 520 + 975 = 3 495 (ones 0+5=5, tens 2+7=9, hundreds 5+9=14 carry 1, thousands 2+1=3).
Example: 1 000 − 400 + 50 = 650.
Watch out: 1 545 comes from wrongly doing 2 480 + 975 first.
Isi simbol
1 200 □ 300 □ 500 = 1 000
试符号 = cuba simbol
逐个试:1 200 + 300 − 500 = 1 500 − 500 = 1 000 ✔;1 200 − 300 + 500 = 1 400 ✘;1 200 + 300 + 500 = 2 000 ✘。
例子:800 □ 200 □ 100 = 900 → 800 + 200 − 100。
注意:每一种都要从左到右算。
test the signs = cuba simbol
Try each: 1 200 + 300 − 500 = 1 500 − 500 = 1 000 ✔; 1 200 − 300 + 500 = 1 400 ✘; 1 200 + 300 + 500 = 2 000 ✘.
Example: 800 □ 200 □ 100 = 900 → 800 + 200 − 100.
Watch out: work out each one from left to right.
Ringkasan