Bijak Mengurus Kewangan

储蓄罐 = tabung；硬币 = duit syiling；户口 = akaun Aisyah 打开储蓄罐，和爸爸一起数硬币。爸爸问了三个问题：一共多少钱、打算怎样用、为什么要存在银行。每个问题 Aisyah 都用完整句子回答，还说出原因和计划。 例子：问 Mengapakah kamu menabung? 可以答 Kerana saya mahu membeli basikal. 注意：回答 Berapakah 时要说清楚数目和单位，例如 RM48.50。

money box = tabung; coins = duit syiling; account = akaun Aisyah opens her money box and counts the coins with her father. He asks three questions: how much there is, what she plans to do with it, and why she wants to save in a bank. She answers each one in a full sentence, giving her reason and her plan. Example: asked why she saves, a child might answer that she wants to buy a bicycle. Watch out: when answering Berapakah, state the amount clearly with its unit, such as RM48.50.

目的 = tujuan；为什么 = mengapakah；什么时候 = bilakah 目的就是为什么要做一件事。问钱有多少用 berapakah，答案是数目；问什么时候打开储蓄罐用 bilakah，答案是时间。只有 mengapakah 会让对方说出存钱的原因。 例子：问哥哥为什么去打工，他答 Kerana dia mahu membeli komputer。 注意：想知道原因用 mengapakah，想知道方法用 bagaimanakah。

purpose = tujuan; why = mengapakah; when = bilakah A purpose is the reason for doing something. Asking how much money there is uses berapakah and is answered with a number, and asking when the box was opened uses bilakah and is answered with a time. Only mengapakah leads the other person to explain why they save. Example: asked why his brother works part-time, a child answers that he wants to buy a computer. Watch out: use mengapakah to ask for a reason and bagaimanakah to ask for a method.

四行班顿 = pantun empat kerat；前两行 = pembayang；后两行 = maksud；押韵 = rima 班顿每节四行。前两行叫 pembayang，用景物引出声音和气氛；后两行叫 maksud，才是真正要说的话。押韵是 a-b-a-b：tali 和 sehari 押韵，pinang 和 senang 押韵。 例子：这首班顿的意思是“每天存一点，日子就会好过”和“买东西前想一想是需要还是想要”。 注意：找班顿意思时看后两行，不看前两行。

four-line pantun = pantun empat kerat; opening lines = pembayang; meaning lines = maksud; rhyme = rima Each stanza of a pantun has four lines. The opening two lines set the sound and mood with a picture from nature, and the closing two carry the real message. The rhyme pattern is a-b-a-b, so tali rhymes with sehari and pinang with senang. Example: these stanzas advise us to save a little every day and to ask, before buying, whether it is a need or just a want. Watch out: to find the meaning of a pantun, read the last two lines, not the opening ones.

一点一点 = sedikit demi sedikit；花掉 = berbelanja；节 = rangkap 第一节的后两行说“每天存一点钱，久了生活就会舒适”，意思就是一点一点地储蓄。“在镇上买绳子”是前两行的景物，只是引子；“很快把钱花光”和班顿的意思刚好相反。 例子：谚语 sedikit-sedikit, lama-lama menjadi bukit 也是同样的道理：积少成多。 注意：别把前两行的画面当成班顿的意思。

little by little = sedikit demi sedikit; spend = berbelanja; stanza = rangkap The last two lines of the first stanza say that saving a little money each day makes life comfortable over time, which means saving little by little. Buying rope in town comes from the opening lines and only sets the mood, while spending all the money quickly is the opposite of the message. Example: the proverb sedikit-sedikit, lama-lama menjadi bukit teaches the same idea: small amounts add up. Watch out: do not mistake the picture in the opening lines for the meaning of the pantun.

主语 = subjek；谓语 = predikat；需要 = keperluan；想要 = kehendak；讲价 = tawar-menawar 完整的句子要有主语（谁、什么）和谓语（做什么、怎样）。缺了其中一样，句子就悬在半空，叫 ayat tergantung。词序乱了也要重排。Ravi 一家买东西前先列出需要和想要的东西，在市场还会讲价。 例子：“Ke pasar pada hari Ahad.” 少了主语，要补上谁去市场。 注意：需要的是生活非有不可的东西，想要的是没有也可以的东西。

subject = subjek; predicate = predikat; need = keperluan; want = kehendak; bargain = tawar-menawar A complete sentence needs a subject, saying who or what, and a predicate, saying what the subject does or is like. Without one of them the sentence hangs incomplete and is called ayat tergantung. Jumbled word order must also be fixed. Ravi's family lists needs and wants before shopping and bargains at the market. Example: a sentence that only says going to the market on Sunday is missing its subject, so we add who went. Watch out: needs are things we cannot live without; wants are things we could do without.

完整 = lengkap；结构 = struktur；米 = beras “在那间店买米”没有说是谁买，缺主语，是悬空句。“米妈妈在店买”词序乱了，读不通。只有“妈妈在店里买米”主语、动词、宾语都齐全，顺序也对。 例子：Adik menyiram pokok bunga. 弟弟浇花——谁（Adik）＋做什么（menyiram pokok bunga）。 注意：马来文句子通常先说“谁”，再说“做什么”。

complete = lengkap; structure = struktur; rice = beras The sentence about buying rice at that shop never says who buys, so it lacks a subject and hangs incomplete. The one starting with rice has its words jumbled and cannot be read sensibly. Only Mother buying rice at the shop has a subject, verb and object in the right order. Example: Adik menyiram pokok bunga has who (Adik) and what he does (menyiram pokok bunga). Watch out: a Malay sentence usually says who first, then what the person does.

必需品 = barang keperluan；电子游戏 = permainan video；糖果 = gula-gula 米是每天吃饭不能少的，属于需要。电子游戏和糖果虽然让人开心，但没有也能好好生活，所以是想要的东西。买东西时先买需要的，有剩钱才考虑想要的。 例子：Ubat batuk ialah keperluan apabila adik sakit. 弟弟生病时，咳药是必需品。 注意：同一样东西在不同情况下可能变，例如上学用的书包是需要，家里已有书包还再买就是想要。

necessity = barang keperluan; video game = permainan video; sweets = gula-gula Rice is eaten every day and cannot be left out, so it is a need. A video game and sweets bring fun, but we can live well without them, so they are wants. When shopping, buy needs first and only think about wants if money is left over. Example: cough syrup becomes a need when a little brother is ill. Watch out: the same item can change: one school bag is a need, but a third bag is a want.

疑问句 = ayat tanya；利润 = keuntungan；成本 = kos；建议 = cadangan 有疑问词的问句用 apa、berapa、mengapa 等。没有疑问词的问句有两种做法：把 -kah 加在别的词后面，例如 Setujukah；或者句子不变，只把句尾的语调提高。两种句子最后都要加问号。 例子：Kamu sudah makan? 句尾语调往上扬，就成了问句。 注意：-kah 加在想问的那个词后面，例如 Sudahkah、Bolehkah。

question sentence = ayat tanya; profit = keuntungan; cost = kos; suggestion = cadangan A question with a question word uses apa, berapa, mengapa and so on. A question without one is made in two ways: add -kah to another word, as in Setujukah, or keep the sentence as it is and raise your voice at the end. Both kinds end with a question mark. Example: Kamu sudah makan? becomes a question when the voice rises at the end. Watch out: -kah is attached to the word being asked about, as in Sudahkah or Bolehkah.

没有疑问词 = tanpa kata tanya；同意 = setuju；芒果 = mangga Apakah 和 Berapakah 本身就是疑问词，所以这两句是“有疑问词”的问句。Setujukah 是在 setuju（同意）后面加 -kah，句子里没有任何疑问词，却还是问句。 例子：Bolehkah saya pinjam pensel kamu? 我可以借你的铅笔吗？ 注意：看到 -kah 不一定是疑问词，要看它前面的词是什么。

without a question word = tanpa kata tanya; agree = setuju; mango = mangga Apakah and Berapakah are question words themselves, so those two sentences are questions with a question word. Setujukah is formed by adding -kah to setuju, agree, so the sentence has no question word at all but is still a question. Example: Bolehkah saya pinjam pensel kamu? asks to borrow a pencil. Watch out: seeing -kah does not always mean a question word; check which word it is attached to.

已经……了吗 = sudahkah；计算 = mengira；利润 = keuntungan 这句的意思是“你算好那笔利润了吗？”。sudah 加上 -kah 放在句首，表示在问事情做了没有。接着说谁（kamu）、做什么（mengira）、对象是什么（keuntungan itu），最后有问号。 例子：Sudahkah adik menyiapkan kerja rumah? 弟弟做完功课了吗？ 注意：带 -kah 的词通常放在句子最前面。

already, as a question = sudahkah; count = mengira; profit = keuntungan The sentence asks whether you have counted the profit yet. Sudah with -kah opens the sentence to ask if something is done. Then comes who (kamu), the action (mengira), and the object (keuntungan itu), ending with a question mark. Example: Sudahkah adik menyiapkan kerja rumah? asks whether a younger sibling has finished homework. Watch out: the word carrying -kah usually goes at the very start of the sentence.

单句 = ayat tunggal；复句 = ayat majmuk；折扣 = diskaun；省钱 = jimat 单句只有一个主语和一个谓语。把两个或以上的单句用连词 dan、tetapi、atau、yang、kerana 接起来，就成了复句。三个同学合买三支笔，每人只付三令吉多，比各自买便宜。 例子：Kami berkongsi. Kami dapat berjimat. → Kami berkongsi dan dapat berjimat. 注意：意思相反时用 tetapi，例如“便宜但耐用”。

simple sentence = ayat tunggal; compound sentence = ayat majmuk; discount = diskaun; save money = jimat A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate. Joining two or more simple sentences with dan, tetapi, atau, yang or kerana forms a compound sentence. Three friends share the cost of three pens, so each pays a little over three ringgit, cheaper than buying alone. Example: Kami berkongsi. Kami dapat berjimat. becomes Kami berkongsi dan dapat berjimat. Watch out: use tetapi when the two ideas contrast, as in cheap but long-lasting.

复句 = ayat majmuk；连词 = kata hubung；合买 = berkongsi “我们买了三支笔”和“笔的价钱很便宜”都只讲一件事，是单句。“我们合买而且省了钱”用 dan 把“我们合买”和“我们省钱”两个单句接在一起，所以是复句。 例子：Ayah memandu kereta dan ibu membaca peta. 爸爸开车，妈妈看地图。 注意：句子长不等于复句，要看有没有连词把两件事接起来。

compound sentence = ayat majmuk; conjunction = kata hubung; share the cost = berkongsi Buying three pens and the pens being very cheap each tell only one idea, so they are simple sentences. Sharing and saving money uses dan to join two simple sentences, we share and we save, so it is a compound sentence. Example: Ayah memandu kereta dan ibu membaca peta joins what Father does and what Mother does. Watch out: a long sentence is not automatically compound; look for a conjunction joining two ideas.