Alatan keselamatan menjaga kita dan harta benda. Mangga, lampu kecemasan, jaket berlampu dan kamera pintar ialah contohnya. Kita juga belajar pantun, kata pemeri dan kata penguat.
safety equipment = alatan keselamatan; belongings = harta benda; four-line poem = pantun
This unit looks at items that protect us and our belongings: padlocks, emergency lights that switch on during a blackout, light-up safety vests and smart cameras. For language, we learn the pantun and two small word groups: the linking words ialah and adalah (kata pemeri) and intensifiers (kata penguat).
Example: wearing a light-up vest when cycling at night lets drivers see you from far away.
Watch out: safety items only help when used properly; a padlock that is never locked protects nothing.
Mendengar dan Bertutur
Memilih mangga keselamatan
Aina dan ibunya di kedai perkakasan.
Ciri
Mangga A
Mangga B
Bahan
keluli tebal
logam ringan
Keistimewaan
tahan karat, sesuai untuk pagar di luar
ada siren yang berbunyi jika diusik
Buka dengan
ibu kunci
ibu kunci dan perlukan bateri
Ibu: Aina, mangga yang manakah sesuai untuk pintu pagar kita?
Aina: Pada pendapat saya, mangga A lebih sesuai, ibu. Pagar kita selalu terkena hujan, jadi mangga itu tidak cepat berkarat.
挂锁 = mangga;钢 = keluli;不生锈 = tahan karat;钥匙 = ibu kunci;警报器 = siren
Aina 和妈妈在五金店比较两个挂锁。A 锁用厚钢做成,不生锈,适合淋雨的大门;B 锁有警报器,有人乱动就会响,但要装电池。说出选择时要给理由,语气有礼貌,例如先叫一声“ibu”,再说明“因为…”。
例子:Saya memilih mangga B kerana sirennya dapat menakutkan pencuri.
注意:比较两样东西时,要比同一个特点,例如材料对材料。
padlock = mangga; steel = keluli; rust-proof = tahan karat; key = ibu kunci; alarm = siren
Aina and her mother compare two padlocks at a hardware shop. Padlock A is thick, rust-proof steel and suits a gate that gets rained on. Padlock B has an alarm that sounds when someone tampers with it, but it needs batteries. When stating a choice, give a reason politely, addressing the listener and using 'kerana'.
Example: Saya memilih mangga B kerana sirennya dapat menakutkan pencuri.
Watch out: when comparing two things, compare the same feature, such as material against material.
Mendengar dan Bertutur · Soalan 1
Pintu pagar rumah Aina selalu terkena hujan. Alasan manakah yang paling tepat untuk memilih mangga A?
理由 = alasan;淋雨 = terkena hujan;颜色 = warna
Aina 家的大门常常淋雨,铁很容易生锈。所以选 A 锁最好的理由,就是它不生锈。颜色漂亮跟安全无关;警报器是 B 锁的特点,不是 A 锁的。理由要能解决问题,而且要跟那样东西的特点相符。
例子:Saya memilih kasut ini kerana tapaknya tidak licin.
注意:先看题目的问题是什么(淋雨),再找能解决它的特点。
reason = alasan; exposed to rain = terkena hujan; colour = warna
Aina's gate is often rained on, so metal there rusts easily. The best reason for choosing padlock A is that it does not rust. A pretty colour has nothing to do with safety, and the alarm belongs to padlock B, not A. A good reason must solve the problem and match the item's real features.
Example: Saya memilih kasut ini kerana tapaknya tidak licin.
Watch out: identify the problem first (rain), then pick the feature that solves it.
Membaca
Lampu kecemasan
Cari idea keseluruhan petikan.
Sekolah Lily memasang lampu kecemasan di dewan. Lampu itu menyala secara automatik apabila bekalan elektrik terputus. Lampu itu terus menyala sehingga bekalan elektrik pulih. Semasa perhimpunan minggu lalu, elektrik tiba-tiba terputus. Dewan tetap terang, jadi murid tidak panik. Mereka keluar dengan tertib.
Idea keseluruhan
Lampu kecemasan membantu murid keluar dengan selamat apabila elektrik terputus.
emergency light = lampu kecemasan; automatic = automatik; cut off = terputus; restored = pulih; panic = panik
Lily's school has emergency lights in the hall. When the power goes off, they switch on by themselves and stay lit until the power returns. During last week's assembly the power suddenly failed, but the hall stayed bright, so the pupils did not panic and walked out in order. The overall idea (idea keseluruhan) squeezes the whole passage into one sentence.
Example: for a passage on life jackets, the overall idea could be that life jackets keep us safe in water.
Watch out: the overall idea must cover the whole passage, not one small detail.
overall idea = idea keseluruhan; assembly = perhimpunan; detail = butiran
The whole passage explains how the emergency lights protect pupils during a power cut, so that is the overall idea. The weekly assembly is only when the event happened, a small detail. The claim that power often fails in the morning is not stated in the passage at all. The overall idea must sum up the whole text and agree with it.
Example: for a passage about knee guards, helmets and gloves, the overall idea is that gear protects skateboarders.
Watch out: something the passage never says cannot be its overall idea.
Menulis
Menulis imlak
Dengar dengan teliti, tulis dengan betul.
Kamal bin Hassan memenangi jaket keselamatan berlampu LED semasa Minggu Keselamatan Jalan Raya.
Ejaan
keselamatan, berlampu, memenangi
Huruf besar
Kamal, Hassan, Minggu Keselamatan Jalan Raya
Tanda baca
noktah ( . ) di hujung ayat
听写 = imlak;拼写 = ejaan;大写字母 = huruf besar;句号 = noktah
听写就是听老师念句子,再把它写下来。写完要检查三件事:拼写对不对;句子开头和专有名词(人名、活动名称)有没有用大写;句子最后有没有句号。“Minggu Keselamatan Jalan Raya”是一个活动的名字,每个词的开头都要大写。
例子:Fatimah memakai jaket berlampu ketika menunggang basikal.
注意:bin 和 binti 是名字中间的连接词,用小写。
dictation = imlak; spelling = ejaan; capital letter = huruf besar; full stop = noktah
In dictation you listen to a sentence and write it down. Afterwards check three things: spelling, capital letters at the start and on proper nouns such as names and event titles, and the full stop at the end. 'Minggu Keselamatan Jalan Raya' is the name of an event, so every word in it starts with a capital.
Example: Fatimah memakai jaket berlampu ketika menunggang basikal.
Watch out: bin and binti in a person's name stay in small letters.
Menulis · Soalan 3
Ayat imlak manakah yang betul?
司机 = pemandu;骑脚踏车的人 = penunggang basikal;看见 = dilihat
三个句子的字都一样,差别只在大小写和标点。有一句开头用了小写 j,句首必须大写;另一句最后少了句号。只有开头大写、结尾有句号的那一句才是正确的听写。
例子:Lampu LED pada jaket itu berkelip-kelip pada waktu malam.
注意:写完听写,先看第一个字母,再看最后一个符号。
driver = pemandu; cyclist = penunggang basikal; be seen = dilihat
All three sentences use the same words; they differ only in capitals and punctuation. One begins with a small j, but a sentence must start with a capital. Another is missing its full stop. Only the sentence with a capital at the start and a full stop at the end is correct.
Example: Lampu LED pada jaket itu berkelip-kelip pada waktu malam.
Watch out: after a dictation, check the first letter and then the last mark.
Seni Bahasa
Pantun kamera pintar
Lafazkan pantun dengan intonasi yang sesuai.
Pergi ke pantai mencari lokan,
Lokan dimasak bersama serai;
Kamera pintar kita pasangkan,
Rumah selamat keluarga damai.
Buah pulasan manis dan segar,
Dijual orang di tepi jalan;
Ada orang datang ke pagar,
Telefon ayah menerima amaran.
四行诗 = pantun;蛤蜊 = lokan;毛荔枝 = pulasan;智能摄像头 = kamera pintar
这里有两首四行诗,讲智能摄像头怎样保护家。第一首说:装上智能摄像头,家里安全,家人平安。第二首说:有人走到大门口,爸爸的手机就会收到警报。朗诵时每行中间稍微停顿,句尾的音要拉清楚,让押韵的声音被听出来。
例子:Ada orang / datang ke pagar,在“orang”后面停一下。
注意:pulasan 是一种像红毛丹的水果,lokan 是海边的贝类,都是用来起头的景物。
four-line poem = pantun; clam = lokan; pulasan fruit = pulasan; smart camera = kamera pintar
Here are two pantun about how a smart camera protects a home. The first says that once the camera is installed, the house is safe and the family is at peace. The second says that when someone comes to the gate, father's phone receives a warning. When reciting, pause briefly in the middle of each line and say the line endings clearly so the rhyme can be heard.
Example: Ada orang / datang ke pagar, with a short pause after 'orang'.
Watch out: pulasan is a fruit like rambutan and lokan is a shellfish; both are opening images, not the message.
opening lines = pembayang; message lines = maksud; rhyme = rima
A four-line pantun has two parts. Lines one and two are the pembayang, describing everyday scenes and setting up the sounds. Lines three and four are the maksud, carrying the real message. The rhyme pattern is a-b-a-b: lines one and three share one sound, and lines two and four share another. Here segar and pagar end in -ar, while jalan and amaran end in -an.
Example: in the first pantun, lokan and pasangkan rhyme on -an, and serai and damai on -ai.
Watch out: to find the meaning, read the last two lines, not the fruit and shellfish lines.
Seni Bahasa · Soalan 4
Apakah maksud pantun ini?
Buah pulasan manis dan segar,
Dijual orang di tepi jalan;
Ada orang datang ke pagar,
Telefon ayah menerima amaran.
主旨 = maksud;警报 = amaran;路边 = tepi jalan
四行诗的意思在后两行:有人走到大门口,爸爸的手机就收到警报。也就是说,智能摄像头会在有人靠近时发出提醒。路边卖毛荔枝是前两行的起兴景物,不是主旨;爸爸打电话给朋友,诗里没有这样说。
例子:一首诗后两行说“出门前要锁门”,那首诗的主旨就是提醒大家锁门。
注意:不要被前两行的景物带走,答案一定来自后两行。
message = maksud; warning = amaran; roadside = tepi jalan
The meaning of a pantun lies in the last two lines: when someone comes to the gate, father's phone gets a warning. In other words, the smart camera alerts the family when someone approaches. Selling pulasan by the road is only the opening image, and calling a friend is never mentioned in the poem.
Example: if the last two lines say to lock the door before going out, the message is a reminder to lock up.
Watch out: do not be distracted by the opening scene; the answer always comes from the final two lines.
Tatabahasa · Kata Pemeri
Kata pemeri: ialah dan adalah
Berita tentang pengecas telefon tiruan
Kata pemeri
Di hadapan
Contoh
ialah
frasa nama
Pengecas tiruan ialah pengecas yang tidak diluluskan.
adalah
frasa adjektif
Mengecas telefon di atas tilam adalah berbahaya.
adalah
frasa sendi nama
Nasihat ini adalah untuk semua pengguna telefon.
Bateri tiruan dan soket yang diubah suai sangat berisiko. Baca manual sebelum mengecas.
系词 = kata pemeri;名词短语 = frasa nama;形容词短语 = frasa adjektif;介词短语 = frasa sendi nama
ialah 和 adalah 都用来连接主语和说明,但后面接的东西不同:ialah 后面接名词短语,例如“仿冒充电器是没有获得批准的充电器”;adalah 后面接形容词短语(如 berbahaya 危险)或介词短语(如 untuk semua 给大家)。这一屏的句子来自一则关于仿冒充电器的新闻。
例子:“那个充电器是仿冒的充电器”后面接名词,用 ialah;“这样充电很危险”后面接形容词,用 adalah。
注意:后面是“东西的名称”就用 ialah,后面是“怎样”或“给谁”才用 adalah。
linking word = kata pemeri; noun phrase = frasa nama; adjective phrase = frasa adjektif; prepositional phrase = frasa sendi nama
Ialah and adalah both link a subject with its description, but they come before different things. Ialah comes before a noun phrase, as in saying a fake charger is a charger that has not been approved. Adalah comes before an adjective phrase such as berbahaya or a prepositional phrase such as untuk semua pengguna. These sentences come from a news report about fake phone chargers.
Example: Pengecas itu ialah pengecas tiruan. uses ialah because 'pengecas tiruan' is a noun phrase.
Watch out: use ialah before the name of a thing; use adalah before a description or a phrase like 'untuk'.
Kata Pemeri · Soalan 5
Pilih kata pemeri yang betul.
Kamera pintar ______ alat keselamatan yang canggih.
先进的 = canggih;安全用品 = alat keselamatan;系词 = kata pemeri
空格后面是“alat keselamatan yang canggih”(一种先进的安全用品),这是名词短语,说明智能摄像头“是什么东西”,所以要用 ialah。adalah 要接形容词或介词短语;sangat 是加强语气的副词,不是系词,放在这里句子不通。
例子:Mangga keluli ialah mangga yang tahan karat.
注意:空格后面先出现名词(alat、mangga、lampu),通常就选 ialah。
advanced = canggih; safety device = alat keselamatan; linking word = kata pemeri
After the blank comes 'alat keselamatan yang canggih', a noun phrase telling us what a smart camera is, so the answer is ialah. Adalah must be followed by an adjective or prepositional phrase, and sangat is an intensifier rather than a linking word, so the sentence would not work with it.
Example: Mangga keluli ialah mangga yang tahan karat.
Watch out: when a noun such as alat, mangga or lampu follows the blank, ialah is usually right.
Kata Pemeri · Soalan 6
Pilih kata pemeri yang betul.
Menggunakan soket yang longgar ______ berisiko.
插座 = soket;松的 = longgar;有风险 = berisiko
空格后面是 berisiko(有风险),这是形容词,说明这件事“怎么样”,所以用 adalah。ialah 只能接名词短语;paling 是“最”,意思不完整,也不是系词。
例子:“用仿冒电池是危险的”,危险是形容词,所以写成 adalah berbahaya。
注意:形容词前面要用 adalah,例如 adalah berbahaya、adalah selamat;看到 yang 带出的名词短语才改用 ialah。
socket = soket; loose = longgar; risky = berisiko
After the blank comes berisiko (risky), an adjective that tells us what this action is like, so the right word is adalah. Ialah can only be followed by a noun phrase, and paling means 'most', which leaves the sentence incomplete and is not a linking word.
Example: Mengecas telefon sepanjang malam adalah membazir elektrik.
Watch out: put adalah before adjectives, as in adalah berbahaya or adalah selamat.
Tatabahasa · Kata Penguat
Kata penguat
Menguatkan maksud kata adjektif
Jenis
Kata penguat
Contoh (kamera undur)
Hadapan
terlalu, paling, agak
Kamera undur itu paling canggih.
Belakang
sekali, benar, betul, nian
Gambarnya jelas sekali.
Bebas
amat, sangat, sungguh
Sungguh murah harganya. / Murah sungguh harganya.
Ayah mendapat potongan harga. Skrin kereta memaparkan kawasan di belakang kereta.
加强词 = kata penguat;前置 = hadapan;后置 = belakang;自由 = bebas
加强词让形容词的意思更强,按位置分三类:前置的 terlalu(太)、paling(最)、agak(有点)放在形容词前面;后置的 sekali、benar、betul、nian 放在形容词后面;自由的 amat、sangat、sungguh 前后都可以放。这一屏用爸爸车上的倒车摄像头做例子。
例子:Kamera undur itu canggih benar. 也可以说 sangat canggih。
注意:不能说“sekali jelas”,sekali 一定放在形容词后面。
intensifier = kata penguat; before = hadapan; after = belakang; free = bebas
Intensifiers make an adjective stronger, and they are grouped by position. Terlalu (too), paling (most) and agak (rather) come before the adjective. Sekali, benar, betul and nian come after it. Amat, sangat and sungguh are free to go either before or after. The examples here describe the reversing camera in father's car.
Example: Kamera undur itu canggih benar. can also be said as sangat canggih.
Watch out: never say 'sekali jelas'; sekali always follows the adjective.
Kata Penguat · Soalan 7
Pilih kata penguat yang betul.
Skrin kamera undur itu terang ______.
屏幕 = skrin;亮 = terang;后置加强词 = kata penguat belakang
空格在形容词 terang(亮)的后面,所以要选可以放在后面的加强词,也就是 sekali。paling 和 terlalu 都是前置加强词,只能放在形容词前面,例如 paling terang、terlalu terang。
例子:Bunyi siren itu kuat sekali.
注意:先看空格在形容词前面还是后面,再决定用哪一类加强词。
screen = skrin; bright = terang; intensifier after = kata penguat belakang
The blank comes after the adjective terang (bright), so we need an intensifier that sits after the adjective, which is sekali. Paling and terlalu are front intensifiers and can only come before an adjective, as in paling terang or terlalu terang.
Example: Bunyi siren itu kuat sekali.
Watch out: check whether the blank is before or after the adjective, then choose the matching group.
useful = berguna; very = sangat; emergency light = lampu kecemasan
Arrange the five cards to say that the emergency light is very useful. Start with the subject lampu kecemasan itu, then the intensifier sangat, and end with the adjective berguna, which carries the full stop. Sangat is a free intensifier, and here it sits before the adjective.
Example: Jaket berlampu itu amat terang.
Watch out: itu must follow its noun directly; it cannot move to the front of the sentence.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Alatan keselamatan melindungi kita.
Pilih alat dengan alasan yang tepat. Gunakan ialah sebelum frasa nama dan adalah sebelum adjektif. Kata penguat menguatkan maksud adjektif.