Rekreasi Selamat

头盔 = topi keledar；马鞍 = pelana；缰绳 = tali kekang；马靴 = kasut but Farah 和妈妈到马术中心骑马。骑马要准备四样东西：头盔保护头部，马鞍是坐在马背上的座位，缰绳用来控制马走的方向，高筒马靴保护脚，也不容易滑。Farah 问教练时先说“Maaf, encik”，最后说“Terima kasih”，这就是有礼貌的说话方式。 例子：Maaf, puan. Bolehkah puan tunjukkan cara memegang tali kekang? 注意：向大人发问时，用 encik、puan 称呼对方，不要直接叫“kamu”。

helmet = topi keledar; saddle = pelana; reins = tali kekang; riding boots = kasut but Farah and her mother visit an equestrian centre. A rider needs four items: a helmet protects the head, the saddle is the seat on the horse's back, the reins steer the horse, and tall boots protect the feet and stop them slipping. Farah opens with 'Maaf, encik' and ends with 'Terima kasih', which is the polite way to speak. Example: Maaf, puan. Bolehkah puan tunjukkan cara memegang tali kekang? Watch out: address adults as encik or puan, never simply as 'kamu'.

控制 = mengawal；缰绳 = tali kekang；皮革马鞍 = pelana kulit 骑马的人想让马往左走，要用手拉的那条绳子，也就是缰绳。马鞍是坐的地方，不能改变方向；马靴穿在脚上，用来保护脚。想一想骑马时双手握着什么，就知道答案。 例子：Pak Din menarik tali kekang perlahan-lahan supaya kuda berhenti. 注意：pelana 是“坐”的，tali kekang 才是“控制”的，别把两个弄反。

control = mengawal; reins = tali kekang; leather saddle = pelana kulit To make the horse turn left, the rider pulls the straps held in the hands, which are the reins. The saddle is only a seat and cannot change the direction, while boots are worn on the feet for protection. Think about what the rider's hands hold, and the answer is clear. Example: Pak Din menarik tali kekang perlahan-lahan supaya kuda berhenti. Watch out: pelana is for sitting and tali kekang is for steering; do not swap them.

主要思想 = idea utama；次要信息 = idea sampingan；人工攀岩墙 = tembok tiruan 每一段文字都有一个最重要的意思，叫 idea utama，通常在第一句。后面的句子补充说明，叫 idea sampingan。这段的主要思想是“攀岩的人一定要穿戴安全装备”，后面四句分别说明头盔、安全吊带、防滑粉、护膝各有什么用。 例子：段落讲“玩水要小心”，后面说穿救生衣、不在深水区玩，这些都是补充。 注意：idea utama 是整段在讲的事，范围比较大；只讲一种装备的句子是 idea sampingan。

main idea = idea utama; supporting idea = idea sampingan; artificial wall = tembok tiruan Every paragraph has one most important point, called the idea utama, usually in the opening sentence. The sentences after it add detail and are called idea sampingan. Here the main idea is that climbers must wear safety gear, and the next four sentences explain the helmet, harness, chalk and knee guards. Example: if a paragraph says to be careful in water, the lines about life jackets and avoiding deep water are supporting ideas. Watch out: the main idea covers the whole paragraph; a sentence about only one piece of gear is a supporting idea.

好处 = faedah；肌肉 = otot；勇敢 = berani 这段先说攀岩有很多好处，接着才说手脚肌肉变强壮、人变得更勇敢、做事更专心。哪一句可以把其他句子都包起来？就是“攀岩有很多好处”。肌肉变强、变勇敢都只是其中一个好处，属于补充的意思。 例子：段落主旨是“早餐很重要”，那么“早餐给我们力气”只是其中一个理由。 注意：找主要思想时，问自己：这句话能不能概括整段？

benefit = faedah; muscle = otot; brave = berani The paragraph first says wall climbing has many benefits, then lists stronger arm and leg muscles, more courage and better focus. Which sentence wraps up all the others? It is the one about the many benefits. Stronger muscles and more courage are each just one benefit, so they are supporting ideas. Example: if a paragraph is about why breakfast matters, the line saying breakfast gives us energy is only one supporting reason. Watch out: to find the main idea, ask whether the sentence sums up the whole paragraph.

竹筏 = rakit buluh；橡皮艇 = rakit getah；舵 = kemudi；桨 = pendayung Kavin 和爷爷坐橡皮艇，爷爷说起从前坐竹筏的经验。用双气泡图比较：中间写相同点，例如都浮在水上、都在河里用、都要穿救生衣；两边写不同点，竹筏用竹子绑成，又重又硬，用舵控制方向；橡皮艇用橡胶做、充气，又轻又软，用桨划动。 例子：相同点“都要穿救生衣”写在中间；“用竹子做”只属于竹筏，写在左边。 注意：写比较时，左右两边要比同一件事，例如材料对材料、重量对重量。

bamboo raft = rakit buluh; rubber raft = rakit getah; rudder = kemudi; paddle = pendayung Kavin rides a rubber raft with his grandfather, who remembers riding bamboo rafts long ago. A double bubble map compares them: similarities go in the middle, such as floating on water, being used on rivers and needing life jackets. Differences go on each side: the bamboo raft is heavy, hard and steered with a rudder; the rubber raft is inflated, light, soft and moved with paddles. Example: 'both need life jackets' sits in the middle, while 'made of bamboo' belongs only on the bamboo side. Watch out: when comparing, match the same feature on both sides, such as material with material.

相同点 = persamaan；两者都 = kedua-duanya；充气 = diisi angin 相同点必须对两种筏子都成立。“都用竹子做”只适合竹筏，橡皮艇不是竹子做的；“都要充气”只适合橡皮艇，竹筏不用打气。只有“都在河里使用”两种都对，所以它才是相同点。 例子：脚踏车和摩托车的相同点是“都有两个轮子”，不是“都要加油”。 注意：选相同点时，把句子分别套到两样东西上检查一次。

similarity = persamaan; both = kedua-duanya; inflated = diisi angin A similarity must be true for both rafts. 'Made of bamboo' fits only the bamboo raft, and 'must be filled with air' fits only the rubber raft. Only 'used on rivers' is true for both, so it is the real similarity. Example: a bicycle and a motorcycle are similar because both have two wheels, not because both need petrol. Watch out: test each sentence on both items before calling it a similarity.

祈使词 = kata perintah；禁止 = larangan；请求 = permintaan；邀请 = silaan 祈使词放在句子开头，用来叫别人做或不做某件事，分三组。禁止：jangan、usah（不要）。请求：tolong（请帮忙）、minta（要求）、harap（希望大家）。邀请：sila（请）、jemput（欢迎、请享用）。在公园骑脚踏车时，这些词常出现在告示牌上。 例子：Jangan berlari di tepi kolam. 是禁止；Sila duduk. 是邀请。 注意：jemput 多用在请人吃、喝或来参加；叫人别做的事要用 jangan 或 usah。

command word = kata perintah; prohibition = larangan; request = permintaan; invitation = silaan Command words come at the start of a sentence to tell someone to do or not do something, and they fall into three groups. Prohibition: jangan and usah (do not). Request: tolong (please help), minta (ask for) and harap (we hope you will). Invitation: sila (please) and jemput (you are welcome to). They often appear on signs at a recreation park. Example: Jangan berlari di tepi kolam. is a prohibition; Sila duduk. is an invitation. Watch out: jemput is mostly for offering food, drink or an event; to forbid something, use jangan or usah.

跑道 = trek；比赛 = perlumbaan；进行中 = berlangsung 比赛进行时走进跑道非常危险，所以这句话是在禁止大家做这件事，要用禁止词 Jangan。Jemput 是邀请人来做好事，用在这里意思会变成“欢迎进入跑道”；Tolong 是请人帮忙，也说不通。 例子：Jangan bersandar pada pagar trek itu. 注意：先判断句子讲的是危险的事还是好事，危险的事就用禁止词。

track = trek; race = perlumbaan; taking place = berlangsung Walking onto the track during a race is very dangerous, so this sentence forbids it and needs the prohibition word Jangan. Jemput invites someone to do something pleasant, so it would sound like a welcome onto the track. Tolong asks for help, which also makes no sense here. Example: Jangan bersandar pada pagar trek itu. Watch out: first decide whether the action is dangerous or pleasant; dangerous actions take a prohibition word.

禁止句 = ayat larangan；忘记 = lupa；戴 = memakai 把五张字卡排成一句提醒的话：“不要忘记戴头盔。”禁止句以禁止词 Jangan 开头，接着是 lupa（忘记），然后是动作 memakai（戴），最后是东西 topi keledar（头盔），句号跟着最后一个词。 例子：Jangan lupa membawa botol air. 注意：topi 和 keledar 是一个词组，要排在一起，不能分开。

prohibition sentence = ayat larangan; forget = lupa; wear = memakai Arrange the five cards into a reminder that means 'do not forget to wear a helmet'. A prohibition sentence begins with Jangan, followed by lupa (forget), then the action memakai (wear), and finally the item topi keledar (helmet), with the full stop on the last word. Example: Jangan lupa membawa botol air. Watch out: topi and keledar form one phrase, so keep them side by side.

感叹词 = kata seru；奇怪 = hairan；惊讶 = terkejut；赞叹 = kagum；逗号 = tanda koma；感叹号 = tanda seru 感叹词用来表达心情，放在句子最前面，后面加逗号，整句用感叹号结尾。Eh 表示觉得奇怪或吓一跳，Nah 是把东西递给别人，Wah 是赞叹，Oh 表示惊讶或赞叹（恍然大悟时也可以用），Amboi 是又惊奇又佩服，Syabas 是高兴地称赞别人做得好。 例子：Wah, cantiknya gua ini! 是看到美景时的赞叹。 注意：感叹词后面是逗号，句子最后才是感叹号，不要两个都写成感叹号。

exclamation word = kata seru; puzzled = hairan; surprised = terkejut; amazed = kagum; comma = tanda koma; exclamation mark = tanda seru A kata seru expresses a feeling. It comes first in the sentence, is followed by a comma, and the sentence ends with an exclamation mark. Eh shows you are puzzled or startled, Nah hands something over, Wah shows amazement, Oh shows surprise or amazement (it can also mean you suddenly understand), Amboi mixes surprise with admiration, and Syabas happily praises good work. Example: Wah, cantiknya gua ini! is said when admiring a beautiful sight. Watch out: a comma follows the exclamation word, and the exclamation mark comes only at the end.

手电筒 = lampu suluh；递给 = menghulurkan；跌倒 = terjatuh 说话的人正在把手电筒递给朋友，并说“拿着吧，免得跌倒”。递东西给别人时用的感叹词是 Nah。Oh 表示惊讶或赞叹，Syabas 是称赞别人，都跟递东西无关。 例子：Nah, ini topi keledar kamu! 注意：Nah 后面常跟着“ambillah”或“ini”，因为手上正拿着东西。

torch = lampu suluh; hand over = menghulurkan; fall = terjatuh The speaker is passing a torch to a friend and saying take it so you do not fall. The exclamation used when handing something over is Nah. Oh shows surprise or amazement and Syabas praises someone, so neither is about giving an item. Example: Nah, ini topi keledar kamu! Watch out: Nah is often followed by 'ambillah' or 'ini', because the speaker is holding something out.

标点符号 = tanda baca；宽敞 = luas；洞穴 = gua 感叹句的标点有固定位置：感叹词 Wah 后面是逗号，整句最后是感叹号。另一种写法把感叹号放在 Wah 后面、句尾用句号，位置弄反了；还有一种把逗号放在中间、结尾用问号，变成像在发问，也不对。 例子：Eh, ada air menitis dari atas! 注意：感叹句不是问句，不能用问号结尾。

punctuation = tanda baca; spacious = luas; cave = gua Punctuation in an exclamation has fixed places: a comma after the word Wah and an exclamation mark at the very end. Another version puts the exclamation mark after Wah and a full stop at the end, which swaps them. A third places the comma in the middle and ends with a question mark, which turns it into a question. Example: Eh, ada air menitis dari atas! Watch out: an exclamation is not a question, so it never ends with a question mark.

配对 = padanan；奇怪 = hairan；称赞 = memuji 把四个感叹词和它表达的心情配起来。想象说话的人的表情最容易记：觉得奇怪时说 Eh；把东西递出去时说 Nah；看到巨大的石笋，又惊讶又赞叹时说 Oh；朋友做得好，高兴地称赞时说 Syabas。 例子：Oh, besarnya kelawar itu! 注意：Eh 多是“觉得奇怪”，Oh 多是“惊讶或赞叹”，Syabas 是高兴地“称赞别人”。

matching = padanan; puzzled = hairan; praise = memuji Match the four exclamation words with the feelings they show. Picture the speaker's face: Eh when something seems strange, Nah when holding something out, Oh when a huge stalagmite brings surprise and amazement, and Syabas when a friend has done well and you praise them happily. Example: Oh, besarnya kelawar itu! Watch out: Eh is mostly for feeling puzzled, Oh is for surprise or amazement, and Syabas is happy praise for a person.