Keluarga Aina bekerjasama untuk berjaya. Pak Long seorang usahawan dan Mak Su mengusahakan kilang batik. Dalam unit ini, kita belajar ayat majmuk, membaca perenggan, membina ayat, simpulan bahasa, kata ganti nama dan penjodoh bilangan.
企业家 = usahawan;蜡染工厂 = kilang batik;代名词 = kata ganti nama
这一课讲一家人怎样靠合作和勤劳取得成功。大伯是做批发生意的企业家,小姑开了一间蜡染厂。我们会学复句、分段阅读、用动词词组造句、四个跟勤劳有关的成语、代名词和量词。
例子:Aina membantu Pak Long di kedai borong.(Aina 在批发店帮大伯)
注意:量词要配合东西的形状来选,不能每样东西都用同一个。
entrepreneur = usahawan; batik factory = kilang batik; pronoun = kata ganti nama
This unit shows how a family succeeds through teamwork and hard work. Uncle runs a wholesale shop and an aunt owns a batik factory. We learn compound sentences, reading by paragraphs, building sentences from verb phrases, four idioms about hard work, pronouns and classifiers.
Example: Aina membantu Pak Long di kedai borong.
Watch out: a classifier must suit the shape of the thing; one word does not fit everything.
Mendengar dan Bertutur
Ayat majmuk dalam perbualan
Di kedai borong Pak Long
Pak Long:Pelanggan ramai hari ini kerana kedai kita ada jualan murah.
Aina:Saya boleh menjaga kaunter dan Farid boleh menyusun tepung.
Farid: Baiklah, Pak Long.
Pak Long:Kedai ini kecil dahulu tetapi sekarang kedai ini sudah besar.
Aina: Pak Long memang usahawan yang rajin!
usahawan
orang yang menjalankan perniagaan
kedai borong
kedai yang menjual barang dalam jumlah banyak
kaunter
tempat membayar atau melayan pelanggan
批发店 = kedai borong;柜台 = kaunter;连词 = kata hubung
学校假期,Aina 和哥哥到大伯的批发店帮忙。红色句子是复句,每一句都用连词把两件事接在一起:因为、和、但是。说话时用复句,可以把意思讲得更完整。
例子:Saya menjaga kaunter dan Farid menyusun tepung.(我顾柜台,哥哥排面粉)
注意:Baiklah, Pak Long. 只是简短回答,不是复句。
wholesale shop = kedai borong; counter = kaunter; conjunction = kata hubung
During the school holidays, Aina and Farid help their uncle at his wholesale grocery shop. The red lines are compound sentences: each one joins two ideas with a conjunction such as kerana, dan or tetapi. Speaking in compound sentences lets us give fuller answers.
Example: Saya menjaga kaunter dan Farid menyusun tepung.
Watch out: a short reply such as Baiklah, Pak Long. is not a compound sentence.
Mendengar dan Bertutur · Soalan 1
Lengkapkan perbualan dengan ayat majmuk.
Pak Long: "Mengapakah kamu datang awal hari ini?" Aina: "_______"
为什么 = mengapa;因为 = kerana
大伯问:你今天为什么这么早来?回答“为什么”的问题,通常要用连词 kerana(因为)把原因接上。正确的回答有两部分:我早来,加上因为我想帮忙,所以是复句。另外两个回答都只有一件事,也没有说出原因。
例子:Saya gembira kerana kedai Pak Long maju.
注意:回答要对准问题,问原因就要说原因。
why = mengapa; because = kerana
Uncle asks why you came early today. A 'why' question is usually answered with the conjunction kerana to add the reason. The right reply has two parts, coming early plus wanting to help, so it is a compound sentence. The other replies tell only one idea and give no reason.
Example: Saya gembira kerana kedai Pak Long maju.
Watch out: answer the question that was asked; a question about a reason needs a reason.
Membaca
Membaca mengikut perenggan
Promosi kilang batik Mak Su
Batik Mak Su
Mak Su mengusahakan sebuah kilang batik di Kota Bharu. Kain batiknya cantik dan berwarna-warni. Mak Su bermula dengan sebuah gerai kecil.
Minggu lalu, Mak Su membuka cawangan baharu. Aina dan Farid membantu semasa promosi. Mereka mengedarkan risalah kepada orang ramai di hadapan kedai.
Ramai pelanggan datang untuk membeli kain batik. Mak Su berasa sangat gembira. Dia berterima kasih kepada anak-anak saudaranya.
paragraph = perenggan; promotion = promosi; leaflet = risalah
Read one paragraph at a time and pause after each to think about what it tells. Paragraph one introduces the aunt's batik factory, paragraph two the promotion at the new branch, and paragraph three the result. Pronounce each word clearly and read in a natural, polite voice.
Example: the main point of paragraph two is the children handing out leaflets in front of the shop.
Watch out: each paragraph usually carries one main idea, so do not mix the paragraphs up.
second paragraph = perenggan kedua; hand out = mengedarkan
The second paragraph begins with Minggu lalu and tells how the aunt opened a new branch and the children helped hand out leaflets during the promotion. Starting with a small stall belongs to paragraph one, and many customers coming to buy belongs to paragraph three.
Example: to find a paragraph's main idea, read its first sentence, then see what the others add.
Watch out: all three choices appear in the passage, so check which paragraph each one comes from.
Menulis
Bina ayat daripada frasa
Siapa + frasa kerja + keterangan
menampalkan iklan
Farid menampalkan iklan di papan kenyataan.
mengambil pesanan
Aina mengambil pesanan melalui telefon.
mengira jumlah
Mak Long mengira jumlah harga barang.
menghantar beras
Pak Long menghantar beras ke kedai runcit.
Siapa + frasa kerja + keterangan + noktah ( . )
动词词组 = frasa kerja;说明 = keterangan;句号 = noktah
看图写句子有个简单的公式:先写谁,再写做什么(动词词组),最后补充在哪里、怎样做或做给谁。句子开头要大写,结尾要加句号。四个词组都是批发店里常做的工作:贴广告、接订单、算总数、送米。
例子:Aina mengambil pesanan melalui telefon.(Aina 用电话接订单)
注意:只写词组不算句子,一定要有“谁”。
verb phrase = frasa kerja; extra detail = keterangan; full stop = noktah
Writing a sentence from a picture has a simple formula: write who, then the action (a verb phrase), then add where, how or for whom. Begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop. The four phrases are everyday jobs in the wholesale shop: putting up adverts, taking orders, adding up totals and delivering rice.
Example: Aina mengambil pesanan melalui telefon.
Watch out: a phrase alone is not a sentence; it must say who does the action.
Menulis · Bina ayat
Susun perkataan menjadi ayat.
送米 = menghantar beras;杂货店 = kedai runcit
用五张词卡排出一个完整的句子:先说谁,再说他做了什么,送的是什么,最后用“到”说明送去哪里。这就是刚才学的造句公式。
例子:Mak Long mengira jumlah harga di kaunter.
注意:ke 后面要接地方,所以 ke 和 kedai runcit 要放在一起。
deliver rice = menghantar beras; grocery shop = kedai runcit
Arrange five word cards into a complete sentence: first who, then what he does, then what is delivered, and finally where it goes using ke. This follows the sentence formula from the previous screen.
Example: Mak Long mengira jumlah harga di kaunter.
Watch out: ke must be followed by a place, so ke and kedai runcit stay together.
Seni Bahasa
Simpulan bahasa tentang usaha
Kebun sayur dua beradik
Ravi dan Kumar bulat hati mahu menanam sayur di tanah kosong belakang rumah. Mereka mencangkul tanah hingga mandi peluh.
Suatu hari, hujan lebat merosakkan batas sayur. Mereka tidak berputus asa. Mereka cari jalan lalu menutup batas dengan plastik.
Tiga bulan kemudian, mereka menjual sayur di pasar tani. Wang itu ialah hasil titik peluh mereka sendiri.
bulat hati
tekad dengan sepenuh hati
mandi peluh
berpeluh banyak kerana bekerja kuat
cari jalan
mencari cara menyelesaikan masalah
titik peluh
hasil usaha sendiri
汗水 = peluh;决心 = bulat hati;想办法 = cari jalan
两兄弟下定决心在空地种菜,锄地锄得满身大汗。大雨打坏菜畦,他们想办法用塑料布盖好。最后卖菜赚到的钱,是自己辛苦努力得来的。四个成语都跟勤劳有关。
例子:Basikal itu dibeli dengan wang titik peluh abang.(哥哥用自己辛苦赚的钱买脚车)
注意:mandi peluh 不是真的用汗洗澡,而是流很多汗。
sweat = peluh; determined = bulat hati; find a way = cari jalan
Two brothers are determined to grow vegetables on empty land and dig until they are drenched in sweat. When heavy rain ruins the beds, they find a way and cover them with plastic. The money from selling the vegetables is the fruit of their own effort. All four idioms are about hard work.
Example: Basikal itu dibeli dengan wang titik peluh abang.
Watch out: mandi peluh does not mean bathing in sweat; it means sweating a great deal.
matching = padanan; determination = tekad
Match the four idioms with their meanings: the fruit of one's own effort, sweating a lot, finding a way, and being fully determined. Remember where each idiom appeared in the brothers' vegetable story and the meaning will come back easily.
Example: Siti bulat hati mahu menjadi doktor.
Watch out: titik peluh and mandi peluh both mention sweat, but one is about results and the other about hard, tiring work.
Tatabahasa
Kata ganti nama diri
Menggantikan nama orang
Diri pertama (yang bercakap)
saya · aku · kita · kami
Diri kedua (yang dilawan bercakap)
kamu · awak · kalian · anda
Diri ketiga (yang diceritakan)
dia · mereka · beliau · ia
kita = termasuk pendengar · kami = tidak termasuk pendengar beliau = orang yang dihormati · ia = haiwan atau benda
代名词 = kata ganti nama;第一人称 = diri pertama
人称代名词用来代替人名。第一人称是说话的人,第二人称是听话的人,第三人称是被谈论的人。kita 包括听话的人,kami 不包括;beliau 用在受尊敬的人身上,例如校长;ia 用在动物或东西。
例子:Guru besar sudah tiba. Beliau memakai baju batik.
注意:对长辈说话用 aku 不礼貌,应该用 saya。
pronoun = kata ganti nama; first person = diri pertama
Personal pronouns replace people's names. First person is the speaker, second person is the listener, and third person is the one being talked about. Kita includes the listener but kami does not; beliau is for a respected person such as a head teacher; ia is for an animal or a thing.
Example: Guru besar sudah tiba. Beliau memakai baju batik.
Watch out: using aku with elders is impolite; use saya instead.
Tatabahasa
Kata ganti nama tunjuk
Menunjukkan benda dan tempat
Farid: Ibu, ini model jambatan yang saya bina.
Ibu: Cantiknya! Letakkan model itu di atas meja.
Farid: Boleh saya letakkan di sini?
Ibu: Jangan di situ. Letakkan di sana, dekat almari.
Tunjuk umum
ini (dekat) · itu (jauh)
Tunjuk tempat
sini (dekat) · situ (agak jauh) · sana (jauh)
指示代名词 = kata ganti nama tunjuk;地方 = tempat
指示代名词用来指东西或地方。ini 指近的东西,itu 指远的东西。指地方时,sini 是说话人身边,situ 是有点远(常指听话人那边),sana 是最远的地方。哥哥做了桥梁模型,妈妈叫他放到柜子旁边。
例子:Mari duduk di sini, dekat saya.(来,坐在我这里)
注意:sini、situ、sana 指地方,不用来指人。
demonstrative pronoun = kata ganti nama tunjuk; place = tempat
Demonstrative pronouns point to things or places. Ini points to something near and itu to something far. For places, sini is right beside the speaker, situ is a little further away (often near the listener), and sana is furthest. Farid has built a bridge model and his mother tells him where to put it.
Example: Mari duduk di sini, dekat saya.
Watch out: sini, situ and sana point to places, not to people.
Tatabahasa · Soalan 3
Pilih kata ganti nama yang betul.
Encik Lim, guru besar kami, memberikan hadiah. _______ sangat peramah.
受尊敬的人 = orang yang dihormati;校长 = guru besar
句子在谈校长,他是第三人称,又是受尊敬的长辈,所以用 beliau。kami 是“我们”(说话的一方),kalian 是“你们”(听话的一群人),都不是在指校长。
例子:Datuk saya berumur 70 tahun. Beliau masih cergas.
注意:dia 也是第三人称,但对校长、长辈、领袖,用 beliau 比较有礼貌。
respected person = orang yang dihormati; head teacher = guru besar
The sentence talks about the head teacher, who is third person and a respected elder, so beliau is the right word. Kami means 'we' on the speaker's side and kalian means 'you all', and neither refers to the head teacher.
Example: Datuk saya berumur 70 tahun. Beliau masih cergas.
Watch out: dia is also third person, but beliau is more polite for head teachers, elders and leaders.
Tatabahasa · Soalan 4
Pilih kata ganti nama tunjuk yang betul.
Aina menunjuk ke arah bukit yang sangat jauh. "Rumah nenek di _______."
很远 = sangat jauh;山丘 = bukit
Aina 指着很远的山丘说奶奶家在那里。指很远的地方要用 sana。sini 是说话人身边的地方,不对;ini 是指近的东西,不是指地方,也不对。
例子:Kedai buku itu di sana, selepas lampu isyarat.
注意:先判断是指“东西”还是“地方”,再判断远还是近。
very far = sangat jauh; hill = bukit
Aina points at a hill far away and says her grandmother's house is there. A faraway place takes sana. Sini is the place beside the speaker, so it is wrong, and ini points to a nearby thing, not a place.
Example: Kedai buku itu di sana, selepas lampu isyarat.
Watch out: first decide whether you are pointing at a thing or a place, then whether it is near or far.
Tatabahasa
Penjodoh bilangan
Bahan untuk album kejayaan keluarga
helai
sehelai kertas, dua helai kain
bilah
sebilah pisau, sebilah gunting
batang
tiga batang pensel warna
biji
lima biji manik
botol
sebotol gam
keping
sepuluh keping gambar
bilangan + penjodoh bilangan + kata nama · se- = satu
量词 = penjodoh bilangan;薄 = nipis;尖利 = tajam
Aina 准备材料做家庭相册。量词要看东西的形状:又薄又软的纸和布用 helai,刀剪用 bilah,长条的笔用 batang,小颗或圆的珠子用 biji,装在瓶子里的胶水用 botol,又薄又硬的照片用 keping。se- 就是“一”。
例子:Ibu membeli dua helai kain dan sebotol gam.
注意:照片是 keping 不是 helai,因为照片比较硬。
classifier = penjodoh bilangan; thin = nipis; sharp = tajam
Aina gathers materials for a family album. Choose the classifier by shape: helai for thin, soft paper and cloth; bilah for knives and scissors; batang for long pencils; biji for small or round beads; botol for glue in a bottle; and keping for thin, stiff photographs. The prefix se- means one.
Example: Ibu membeli dua helai kain dan sebotol gam.
Watch out: a photograph takes keping, not helai, because it is stiff.
Penjodoh Bilangan · Padanan
Padankan benda dengan penjodoh bilangan
配对 = padanan;形状 = bentuk
把五样东西和量词配好。先想形状:刀子尖利,铅笔长条,弹珠小又圆,照片薄又硬,丝带薄又软。形状对上了,量词就选对了。
例子:Adik ada enam biji guli dan dua batang pensel.
注意:丝带和照片都很薄,但一个软、一个硬,所以量词不同。
matching = padanan; shape = bentuk
Match five objects with their classifiers. Think about shape first: a knife is sharp, a pencil is long, a marble is small and round, a photo is thin and stiff, and a ribbon is thin and soft. Once the shape fits, the classifier fits too.
Example: Adik ada enam biji guli dan dua batang pensel.
Watch out: a ribbon and a photo are both thin, but one is soft and one is stiff, so their classifiers differ.
Penjodoh Bilangan · Soalan 5
Pilih penjodoh bilangan yang betul.
Nenek memberi Aina dua _______ kad ucapan yang cantik.
贺卡 = kad ucapan;硬 = keras
贺卡薄薄的,但是比纸硬,跟照片一样,所以用 keping。helai 用在又薄又软的东西,例如纸张和布;batang 用在长条的东西,例如铅笔,都不合适。
例子:Farid menulis tiga keping poskad untuk sepupunya.
注意:先摸一摸想一想,这东西是软的还是硬的?
greeting card = kad ucapan; stiff = keras
A greeting card is thin but stiffer than paper, just like a photograph, so it takes keping. Helai is for thin, soft things such as sheets of paper and cloth, and batang is for long things such as pencils, so neither fits.
Example: Farid menulis tiga keping poskad untuk sepupunya.
Watch out: think about whether the object is soft or stiff before choosing.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Bersatu dan berusaha, keluarga berjaya!
Ayat majmuk menggabungkan dua ayat. Kata ganti nama menggantikan nama orang, benda dan tempat. Penjodoh bilangan dipilih mengikut bentuk benda. Kejayaan datang daripada titik peluh sendiri.